View source for State control of land use


== Overview ==

In US context, "State" means state-level government, as opposed to Federal (National) or local.&nbsp;<br/> <br/> However, many of the issues and arguments applicable to [US] state-level control may be applied to 'State' as in national control elsewhere. In other words, it means non-local.&nbsp;

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== Legal Issues ==

Intrastate Preemption

Boston University Law Review, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 1113-76, December 2007

64 Pages

Posted: 20 Jun 2007

Last revised: 18 Jan 2008

Paul A. Diller

Willamette University College of Law

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Abstract

City policy experimentation is a catalyst for change at the state and national levels. From gay rights to the environment to public health, cities and other forms of local government are adopting new and innovative policies in the wake of inaction by the higher levels of government. The legality of these policies is frequently challenged, however, by claims that a city's ordinance has been preempted by state law. Despite the crucial importance of intrastate preemption to the question of city power, it has heretofore received scant academic attention. This paper demonstrates how, as currently applied, intrastate preemption dampens local policy innovation, which has a negative effect on the state and national political processes. It argues that state courts, drawing on their institutional advantages, should take a new approach to intrastate preemption that facilitates good-faith policy experimentation by cities while discouraging parochial and exclusionary municipal action.

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== California ==

see [[SB35|SB35]] for 2017-18 legislative proposal to increase state's ability to encourage and enforce housing goals in places where there is deemed to be insufficient housing production.&nbsp;

The office of the sponsoring official, Senator Scott Wiener, has&nbsp;this statement on local control: ''[citation needed].''
<blockquote>''"every community has a civic responsibility to build housing. Local control should be used to determine HOW you build enough housing within your community, not whether you have to."''</blockquote> 
See particularly the analyses and proposals from UC Berkeley's Terner Center for Housing Innovation:&nbsp;Galante et al [2016], and Reid et al [2017].&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;

== Massachusetts Chapter 40B, "Anti-Snob Law" ==

In 1969 Massachusetts enacted the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Comprehensive_Permit_Act:_Chapter_40B Massachusetts Comprehensive Permit Act: Chapter 40B], originally referred to as the anti-snob zoning law. Under this statute, in municipalities with less than 10% affordable housing, a developer of affordable housing may seek waiver of local zoning and other requirements from the local zoning board of appeals, with review available from the state Housing Appeals Committee&nbsp;if the waiver is denied. Similar laws are in place in other parts of the United States (e.g., Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Illinois), although their effectiveness is disputed.

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== References ==

*Diller, Paul A., Intrastate Preemption. Boston University Law Review, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 1113-76, December 2007. Available at SSRN:&nbsp;[https://ssrn.com/abstract=995043 https://ssrn.com/abstract=995043] 
*Fischel, William A. ''Zoning Rules!: The Economics of Land Use Regulation''. (2015).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp; 
*Fulton, William, and Paul Shigley. ''Guide to California Plannin''g. (4th edition, 2012).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp; 
*Galante, Carol, and Carolina Reid. "[http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/uploads/CCRE_Journal_-_Expanding_Housing_Supply_in_California_-_A_New_Framework_for_State_Land_Use_Regulation.pdf Expanding Housing Supply in California: A New Framework for State Land Use Regulation.]" Journal of Case Study Research: A Publication of the Center for California Real Estate, Volume 1, Issue 1 (Summer 2016). &nbsp;[http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/uploads/CCRE_Journal_-_Expanding_Housing_Supply_in_California_-_A_New_Framework_for_State_Land_Use_Regulation.pdf http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/uploads/CCRE_Journal_-_Expanding_Housing_Supply_in_California_-_A_New_Framework_for_State_Land_Use_Regulation.pdf].<br/> &nbsp; 
*Hirt, Sonia. ''Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation''.&nbsp;(Cornell University Press, 2014).<br/> &nbsp; 
*Hsieh, Chang-Tai, and Enrico Moretti. "[http://eml.berkeley.edu//~moretti/growth.pdf Housing Constraints and Spatial Misallocation]." Working paper, May 18, 2017. [http://eml.berkeley.edu//~moretti/growth.pdf http://eml.berkeley.edu//~moretti/growth.pdf].<br/> [earlier version:&nbsp;<br/> Hsieh, Chang-Tai, and Enrico Moretti.&nbsp;<br/> "[http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=housing_law_and_policy Why Do Cities Matter? Local Growth and Aggregate Growth.]" NBER Working Paper 21154, 2015. [http://www.nber.org/papers/w21154 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21154].<br/> Preprint: [http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=housing_law_and_policy http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=housing_law_and_policy]].&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp; 
*Reid, Carolina K., Carol Galante, and Ashley F. Weinstein-Carnes. "[http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/uploads/AH_25-2_15Reid.pdf Addressing California's Housing Shortage: Lessons from Massachusetts Chapter 40B.]" ournal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law, Volume 25, Number 2 (2017),<br/> [http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/uploads/AH_25-2_15Reid.pdf http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/uploads/AH_25-2_15Reid.pdf].<br/> &nbsp; 
*Toll, Seymour. ''Zoned American''. (1969). Outstanding legal/cultural study of the origins and development of US zoning practices.<br/> [his book is long out of print and somewhat hard to find, but YIMBYwiki editor&nbsp;[[User:Tmccormick]] has copy if you want to borrow]. 

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