1670 New American Chocolate House
"Portland building removes chocolate shop signage after artist links branding to slave trade."
"Signage outside an upcoming Portland chocolate cafe, 1670 New American Chocolate House, was removed Tuesday morning after an artist linked its branding to the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The artist, Molly Alloy, pasted words and a dotted arrow to connect the three colonial ships printed outside the 1670′s future home to slavery. The cafe, found at The Rodney building in Portland’s upscale Pearl District, is expected to open by year’s end."
- The Oregonian/OregonLive, 12 November 2019
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Gudmundson, Lowell, and Justin Wolfe, eds (2010). Blacks and Blackness in Central America: Between Race and Place (Duke University Press, 2010).
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Gay, James F. (2009). "Chocolate Production and Uses in 17th and 18th Century North America." in Grivetti and Shapiro, eds. Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage, 2009.
The oldest record of North Americans trading in cocoa beans is found in the diary of Massachusetts Bay’s mint-master John Hull. In the winter of 1667 – 1668, he noted the loss of “our ship Providence … cast away on the French shore … [carrying] … cocoa." One of the earliest records of chocolate in North America (New England region) dates to 1670 when Dorothy Jones and Jane Barnard were given approval to serve “ Coffee and Chucaletto" in houses of "publique Entertainment” by the selectmen of Boston [2] . Did Jones and Barnard manufacture the chocolate themselves or did they import it? The answer is unclear. The oldest British customs record showing cocoa arriving in America reads: "1682 … Jamaica … to … Boston ” [3] . Was this the first shipment? Perhaps. There may be earlier examples yet to be discovered."
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References
- Gay, James F. (2009). "Chocolate Production and Uses in 17th and 18th Century North America." in Grivetti and Shapiro, eds. Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage, 2009.
- Gudmundson, Lowell, and Justin Wolfe, eds (2010). Blacks and Blackness in Central America: Between Race and Place (Duke University Press, 2010).
- Russell, Michael. "Portland building removes chocolate shop signage after artist links branding to slave trade." The Oregonian/OregonLive, 12 November 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/dining/2019/11/portland-building-removes-chocolate-bar-signage-after-artist-links-branding-to-slave-trade.html.