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* Currently, this bibliography lists all sources in a single list, alphabetical by primary author. 
* see also [[Reading List#Terms.2C conventions.2C abbreviations used in list:|Terms, conventions, abbreviations goals in list]] section of HousingWiki [[Reading List]], these apply to this bibliography also.<br /><br />
 
A project goal is to facilitate as much open, direct access to cited sources as possible. E.g. by:
 
#including standard identifiers such as LC number, ISBN, or DOI for every item as much as possible, in machine-discoverable and -usable form;
#locating and linking to free or preprint versions of papers or books;
#trying to make this access as durable and archival as possible, e.g. by archiving backups of freely available materials, bundling these source archives with the wiki and/or subprojects such as [[Village Buildings]] book, etc.<br /><br />
 
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Abarbanel, Sara, and Cassandra Bayer, Paloma Corcuera, Nancy Stetson<sup>1</sup> [2016]. "Making a Tiny Deal Out of It: A Feasibility Study of Tiny Home Villages to Increase Affordable Housing in Lane County, Oregon." A Report for United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Portland, Oregon Field Office. May 2016. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M8SsRA7-2us2BACTOSb7yxRweiBZu4V0/view?usp=sharing. <sup>1</sup>Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley.
 
<sup>1</sup>Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley.
 
Abbott, Carl (1994). "Metropolitan Portland: Reputation and Reality." ''Built Environment'', Vol. 20, No. 1, (1994), pp. 52-64 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23287727. PDF: [https://drive.google.com/open?id=13FpPqg_NW0HzyjUti2-0ued7eu_IORQ2. https://drive.google.com/open?id=13FpPqg_NW0HzyjUti2-0ued7eu_IORQ2.&nbsp;]
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Abrams, Charles. ''Man's Struggle for Shelter in an Urbanizing World''. (1964).&nbsp;
 
Agamben, Giorgio. (1998). ''Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life''. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.<blockquote>
 
See especially Ch.7, "The Camp as the 'Nomos' of the Modern".
See especially Ch.7, "The Camp as the 'Nomos' of the Modern".<blockquote>''&nbsp;"In his main work "Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life" (1998), Giorgio Agamben analyzes an obscure figure of Roman law that poses fundamental questions about the nature of law and power in general. Under the laws of the Roman Empire, a man who committed a certain kind of crime was banned from society and all of his rights as a citizen were revoked. He thus became a "homo sacer" (sacred man). In consequence, he could be killed by anybody, while his life on the other hand was deemed "sacred", so he could not be sacrificed in a ritual ceremony." [...]'' ''.<br /> "Agamben opines that laws have always assumed the authority to define "bare life" — zoe, as opposed to bios, that is 'qualified life' — by making this exclusive operation, while at the same time gaining power over it by making it the subject of political control. The power of law to actively separate "political" beings (citizens) from "bare life" (bodies) has carried on from Antiquity to Modernity — from, literally, Aristotle to Auschwitz. Aristotle, as Agamben notes, constitutes political life via a simultaneous inclusion and exclusion of "bare life": as Aristotle says, man is an animal born to life (Gk. ζῆν, zen), but existing with regard to the good life (εὖ ζῆν, eu zen) which can be achieved through politics. Bare life, in this ancient conception of politics, is that which must be transformed, via the State, into the "good life"; that is, bare life is that which is supposedly excluded from the higher aims of the state, yet is included precisely so that it may be transformed into this "good life". Sovereignty, then, is conceived from ancient times as the power which determines what or who is to be incorporated into the political body (in accord with its bios) by means of the more originary exclusion (or exception) of what is to remain outside the political body—which is at the same time the source of that body's composition (zoe). According to Agamben, biopower, which takes the bare lives of the citizens into its political calculations, may be more marked in the modern state, but has essentially existed since the beginnings of sovereignty in the West, since this structure of ex-ception is essential to the core concept of sovereignty. '' ''.<br />'' ''&nbsp;"Agamben would continue to expand the theory of the state of exception first introduced in "Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life", ultimately leading to the "State of Exception" in 2005. Instead of leaving a space between law and life, the space where human action is possible, the space that used to constitute politics, he argues that politics has "contaminated itself with law" in the state of exception. Because "only human action is able to cut the relationship between violence and law", it becomes increasingly difficult within the state of exception for humanity to act against the State."'' </blockquote>▼
 
▲See especially Ch.7, "The Camp as the 'Nomos' of the Modern".<blockquote>''&nbsp;"In his main work "Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life" (1998), Giorgio Agamben analyzes an obscure figure of Roman law that poses fundamental questions about the nature of law and power in general. Under the laws of the Roman Empire, a man who committed a certain kind of crime was banned from society and all of his rights as a citizen were revoked. He thus became a "homo sacer" (sacred man). In consequence, he could be killed by anybody, while his life on the other hand was deemed "sacred", so he could not be sacrificed in a ritual ceremony." [...]'' ''.<br /> "Agamben opines that laws have always assumed the authority to define "bare life" — zoe, as opposed to bios, that is 'qualified life' — by making this exclusive operation, while at the same time gaining power over it by making it the subject of political control. The power of law to actively separate "political" beings (citizens) from "bare life" (bodies) has carried on from Antiquity to Modernity — from, literally, Aristotle to Auschwitz. Aristotle, as Agamben notes, constitutes political life via a simultaneous inclusion and exclusion of "bare life": as Aristotle says, man is an animal born to life (Gk. ζῆν, zen), but existing with regard to the good life (εὖ ζῆν, eu zen) which can be achieved through politics. Bare life, in this ancient conception of politics, is that which must be transformed, via the State, into the "good life"; that is, bare life is that which is supposedly excluded from the higher aims of the state, yet is included precisely so that it may be transformed into this "good life". Sovereignty, then, is conceived from ancient times as the power which determines what or who is to be incorporated into the political body (in accord with its bios) by means of the more originary exclusion (or exception) of what is to remain outside the political body—which is at the same time the source of that body's composition (zoe). According to Agamben, biopower, which takes the bare lives of the citizens into its political calculations, may be more marked in the modern state, but has essentially existed since the beginnings of sovereignty in the West, since this structure of ex-ception is essential to the core concept of sovereignty. '' ''.<br />'' ''&nbsp;"Agamben would continue to expand the theory of the state of exception first introduced in "Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life", ultimately leading to the "State of Exception" in 2005. Instead of leaving a space between law and life, the space where human action is possible, the space that used to constitute politics, he argues that politics has "contaminated itself with law" in the state of exception. Because "only human action is able to cut the relationship between violence and law", it becomes increasingly difficult within the state of exception for humanity to act against the State."'' </blockquote>Alexander, Christopher, and Murray Silverstein, Shlomo Angel, Sara Ishikawa, Denny Abrams. &nbsp; &nbsp;<br /> ___.&nbsp;''The Oregon Experiment'', 1975.<br /> ___. ''A Pattern Language'', 1977<br /> ___. ''The Timeless Way of Building'', 1979.
Alexander, Christopher, and Murray Silverstein, Shlomo Angel, Sara Ishikawa, Denny Abrams. &nbsp; &nbsp;<br /> ___.&nbsp;''The Oregon Experiment'', 1975.<br /> ___. ''A Pattern Language'', 1977<br /> ___. ''The Timeless Way of Building'', 1979.
 
Alexander, Lisa T [2015]. &nbsp;"[https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/766 Occupying the Constitutional Right to Housing]."&nbsp;94 Neb. L. Rev. 245 (2015). Available at:&nbsp;https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/766. &nbsp;
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Anderson, Michelle (2008). "Cities Inside Out: Race, Poverty, and Exclusion at the Urban Fringe." 55 UCLA L. REV. 1095 (2008). discussion of "unincorporated urban areas".
 
Anderson, Nels. (1940). ''Men On the Move.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [excerpt, "An Old Problem in New Form", in Anderson, 1998].
 
Anderson, Nels (1998). ''On Hobos and Homelessness''. (compilation of writings, edited and with an introduction by Raffaele Rauty). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <nowiki>ISBN 9780226019666</nowiki>.
 
Anderson, Nels. (1923). ''The Hobo: The sociology of the homeless man''. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
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Bernheimer, Lily. "The Shape of (Housing) Things to Come." ''Next City'', Sep 30, 2019. https://nextcity.org/features/view/the-shape-of-housing-things-to-come. [excerpted from book by Bernheimer, ''The Shaping of Us: How Everyday Spaces Structure Our Lives, Behavior, and Well-Being'', 2019]. &nbsp;On Alastair Parvin, WikiHouse, and Citizen Sector home-building approach.&nbsp;
 
Bey, Hakim (Peter Lamborn Wilson). (1991). "The Temporary Autonomous Zone". in ''T.A.Z.: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism''. Autonomedia, 1991. <nowiki>https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/hakim-bey-t-a-z-the-temporary-autonomous-zone-ontological-anarchy-poetic-terrorism</nowiki>.
Bhatt, Vikram, et al. "How the Other Half Builds - Vol 3: The Self-Selection Process." Centre for Minimum Cost Housing, McGill University, Research Paper No. 11, March 1990.&nbsp;https://www.mcgill.ca/mchg/files/mchg/how_the_other_half_builds_ssp.pdf<nowiki/>.&nbsp;
 
Bey, Hakim (Peter Lamborn Wilson). (1993). "Permanent TAZs." ''Dreamtime'', Aug 1993. <nowiki>http://dreamtimevillage.org/articles/permanent_taz.html</nowiki><blockquote>''"PAZ typology. A 'weird religion' or rebel art movement can become a kind of non-local PAZ, like a more intense and all-consuming hobby network. The Secret Society (like the Chinese Tong) also provides a model for a PAZ without geographic limits. But the 'perfect case scenario' involves a free space that extends into free time."''
 
''"I believe that there exist plenty of good selfish reasons for desiring the 'organic' (it's sexier), the 'natural' (it tastes better), the 'green' (it's more beautiful', the Wild(er)ness (it's more exciting). Communitas (as P. Goodman called it) and conviviality (as I. Illich called it) are more pleasurable than their opposites."''
 
''"we've had to consider the fact that not all existing autonomous zones are 'temporary'. Some are (at least by intention) more-or-less 'permanent'. Certain cracks in the Babylonian Monolith appear so vacant that whole groups can move into them and settle down. Certain theories, such as "Permaculture", have been developed to deal with this situation and make the most of it. 'Villages', 'communes', 'communities', even 'arcologies' and 'biospheres' (or other utopian-city forms) are being experimented with and imlemented. Even here however TAZ-theory may offer some useful thought-tools and clarifications."''</blockquote>Bhatt, Vikram, et al. "How the Other Half Builds - Vol 3: The Self-Selection Process." Centre for Minimum Cost Housing, McGill University, Research Paper No. 11, March 1990.&nbsp;https://www.mcgill.ca/mchg/files/mchg/how_the_other_half_builds_ssp.pdf<nowiki/>.&nbsp;
 
Blanchard, Dave. [2012].&nbsp;"Designing for Homelessness." [interview with Linly Bynam, Teddy Cruz, & Sergio Palleroni]. ''OPB Think Out Loud'', October 3rd 2012.&nbsp;https://www.opb.org/radio/programs/thinkoutloud/segment/architecture-homeless/.<br /> MP3: https://www.opb.org/audio/download/?f=tol/segments/2012/100303.mp3.
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Davis, Sam (2014). ''Designing for the Homeless: Architecture That Works.'' University of California Press (2004).<blockquote>''"Written by an architect who has been designing and building affordable housing for thirty years, this well-illustrated book is both a call to create well-designed places for the homeless and a review of innovative and successful building designs that now serve diverse communities across the United States. Sam Davis argues for safe and functional architectural designs and programs that symbolically reintegrate the homeless into society in buildings that offer beauty, security, and hope to those most in need."''</blockquote>
 
Dearborn, Lynne M., and Abbilyn Harmon. (2012) "Tent Cities." In: The Encyclopedia of Housing, 2nd Edition. Edited by: Andrew T. Carswell. Sage Publications, 2012. http://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218380.n253. <blockquote>''"Portland continues to stand out as the progressive example of a municipality embracing alternative types of housing for homeless persons."'' </blockquote>De Carlo, Giancarlo. "An Architecture of Participation." 1972.&nbsp;[a version is also in ''Perspecta'', 17 (1980), 74-79].
 
De Carlo, Giancarlo, "Architecture's Public" (1969). in ''Architecture and Participation'', ed. by Peter Blundell Jones, Doina Petrescu and Jeremy Till (Abingdon: Spon Press / Taylor & Francis,&nbsp;2007), pp. 3-22.<br /> https://architecturesofspatialjustice.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/w08_dicarlo_architectures_public.pdf.
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Elia, Cory. &nbsp;"City of Portland threatens houseless advocates with fines." ''PSU Vanguard'', April 13, 2018. https://psuvanguard.com/city-of-portland-threatens-houseless-advocates-with-fines/.
 
Ellickson, Robert C. (1996). "Controlling Chronic Misconduct in City Spaces: Of Panhandlers, Skid Rows, and Public-Space Zoning." ''The Yale Law Journal'', Vol 105, 1165-1248. Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 408. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/408.
 
Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 408.
 
<nowiki>http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/408</nowiki>
 
Elliott, Donald L., FAICP, and Peter Sullivan, AICP [2015]. "Tiny Houses, and the Not-So-Tiny Questions They Raise." Zoning Practice (American Planning Association), Issue Number 11, Tiny Houses (November 2015). https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JJ1uX9JeB-rzkYLsQd7dSp6JPmprrzM5/view?usp=sharing.
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Evans, Krista. "Integrating tiny and small homes into the urban landscape: History, land use barriers and potential solutions." ''Journal of Geography and Regional Planning'', Vol 11(3), pp.34-35, March 2018. https://doi.org/10.5897/JGRP2017.0679. [open access].&nbsp;
 
Evans, Krista (2020). "Tackling Homelessness with Tiny Houses: An Inventory of Tiny House Villages in the United States." ''The Professional Geographer'', 29 Apr 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2020.1744170.<blockquote>''"because there is no formal definition or commonly accepted standard for what constitutes a tiny house (Evans 2018a), any organization that defines itself as a tiny house village for the homeless was included in the database. This allows for an exploratory and encompassing examination of this recent approach toward addressing homelessness."''</blockquote>Evans, William N., and David C. Philips, Krista J. Ruffini. "Reducing and Preventing Homelessness: A Review of the Evidence and Charting a Research Agenda." NBER Working Paper No. 26232, September 2019. https://www.nber.org/papers/w26232<br /> (DOI): 10.3386/w26232. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1sJ5FSfrtx5YE0i_AuacH7Yz_JNMOIfRn.
 
Fathy, Hassan.&nbsp;''Architecture for the Poor&nbsp;''(1968).&nbsp;
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Fowler, Reverend Faith. ''Tiny Homes in a Big City.''
 
Frisch, Michael, and Lisa J. Servon (2006). "CDCs and the Changing Context for Urban Community Development: A Review of the Field and the Environment." Community Development: Journal of the Community Development Society, Vol. 37, No. 4, Winter 2006. [http://www.thecyberhood.net/documents/papers/servon.pdf. http://www.thecyberhood.net/documents/papers/servon.pdf.&nbsp;]<blockquote>''&nbsp; &nbsp; "This review takes Rebuilding Communities [Vidal 1992] as a starting point to survey the community development literature, the community development field, and external environmental factors, in order to examine what has happened over the past fifteen years to shape the context in which urban community development corporations (CDCs) now operate. This paper is both a bounded literature review and an environmental scan. We identify categories of changes and influences on the community development field. We find that in the last fifteen years, the community development field has grown increasingly professionalized. Policy initiatives have also shaped the field. New evaluations of community development have been conducted and published. We now know much more about the potential and limits of CDCs than we did when the Rebuilding Communities (RC) study was launched in the late 1980s. At the same time, significant gaps in our knowledge of the community development field remain. In particular, there has been insufficient study of how the changes in this context have affected the work that CDCs do."''</blockquote>Gabriele, Kristen Elizabeth [2014]. "Design & Management Strategies for Micro-housing Units in Transitional Villages for the Homeless: an Exploration of Prototypes at Opportunity Village Eugene." M.Arch thesis for SUNY Buffalo, 1 September 2014. &nbsp;[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M8SsRA7-2us2BACTOSb7yxRweiBZu4V0/view?usp=sharing. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M8SsRA7-2us2BACTOSb7yxRweiBZu4V0/view?usp=sharing.&nbsp;]<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp;"The findings from this study provide design alternatives that can lead to improved user satisfaction in micro-housing prototypes."&nbsp; &nbsp;
 
 
 
Gabriele, Kristen Elizabeth [2014]. "Design & Management Strategies for Micro-housing Units in Transitional Villages for the Homeless: an Exploration of Prototypes at Opportunity Village Eugene." M.Arch thesis for SUNY Buffalo, 1 September 2014. &nbsp;[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M8SsRA7-2us2BACTOSb7yxRweiBZu4V0/view?usp=sharing. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M8SsRA7-2us2BACTOSb7yxRweiBZu4V0/view?usp=sharing.&nbsp;]<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp;"The findings from this study provide design alternatives that can lead to improved user satisfaction in micro-housing prototypes."&nbsp; &nbsp;
 
Gans. Herbert J. (1972). "The Positive Functions of Poverty." The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, No. 2. (Sep., 1972), pp. 275-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/225324. PDF: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1WKowlKxe89TBf4HWMCgipAY_-c9a_YLR.<blockquote>''&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"Abstract: Mertonian functional analysis is applied to explain the persistence of poverty, and fifteen functions which poverty and the poor perform for the rest of American society, particularly the affluent, are identified and described. Functional alternatives which would substitute for these functions and make poverty unnecessary are suggested, but the most important alternatives are themselves dysfunctional for the affluent, since they require some redistribution of income and power. A functional analysis of poverty thus comes to many of the same conclusions as radical sociological analysis, demonstrating anew Merton's assertion that functionalism need not be conservative in ideological outlook or implication."'' &nbsp;<br /></blockquote>
 
Gauldie, Enid. (1974). ''Cruel habitations ; a history of working-class housing 1780-1918''. George Allen & Unwin, UK / Harper & Row, USA, 1974. https://archive.org/details/cruelhabitations0000gaul/page/61/mode/1up.<blockquote>''Unusual for discussing both rural and urban UK lower-class housing of the time. A basic point: rural housing was often as bad or worse than the urban housing usually focused on.'' </blockquote>Gifford, Laura Jane. "Planning for a Productive Paradise: Tom McCall and the Conservationist Tale of Oregon Land-Use Policy." ''Oregon Historical Quarterly'' , Vol. 115, No. 4 (Winter 2014), pp. 470-501. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5403/oregonhistq.115.4.0470. PDF: https://drive.google.com/open?id=13c4zGoGxX3ZizhZPZ2TxS637ljBSUtCJ.
 
 
 
Gifford, Laura Jane. "Planning for a Productive Paradise: Tom McCall and the Conservationist Tale of Oregon Land-Use Policy." ''Oregon Historical Quarterly'' , Vol. 115, No. 4 (Winter 2014), pp. 470-501. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5403/oregonhistq.115.4.0470. PDF: https://drive.google.com/open?id=13c4zGoGxX3ZizhZPZ2TxS637ljBSUtCJ.
 
Glasser, Irene. (1994). ''Homelessness in global perspective''. New York: G.K. Hall Reference. LC-93-25087. Available for checkout at Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/homelessnessingl0000glas.
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____. (2014b). "2014 in Review: A Pivotal Year for Tiny House Villages." Tentcityurbanism.com, 30 December 2014. http://www.tentcityurbanism.com/2014/12/2014a-pivotal-year-for-tiny-house.html.
 
____. (2015). "2015 in Review: Tiny House Villages progress as traditional housing options continue to fall short." tentcityurbanism.com, 30 December 2015. [http://www.tentcityurbanism.com/2015/12/2015-in-review-tiny-house-villages.html. http://www.tentcityurbanism.com/2015/12/2015-in-review-tiny-house-villages.html.&nbsp;]<br /> &nbsp;
 
Herring, Christopher (2014). "The New Logics of Homeless Seclusion:Homeless Encampments in America's West Coast Cities." ''City & Community'', 23 December 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12086. PDF: https://www.academia.edu/15061831/The_New_Logics_of_Homeless_Seclusion_Homeless_Encampments_in_America_s_West_Coast_Cities_2014_City_and_Community_Vol_13_No._4_285-309.
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Kern, Ken. ''The Owner-Built Home''. (Homestead Press, 1972).
 
Kloehn, Greg. "Greg Kloehn on the ingenuity & resilience of homeless communities." presentation April 24, 2017, at Creative Mornings Oakland. https://creativemornings.com/talks/greg-kloehn/2. [see also: Kloehn's project http://homelesshomesproject.org/].<blockquote>''See also Q&A session from talk: https://creativemornings.com/talks/greg-kloehn/1. Tim McCormick asked: "Do you think this could, or should, and how might it, go from 60 to 70 units [now] to lets say, 6000 units which is how many unsheltered there are in San Francisco and Oakland?"''</blockquote>Kolodny, R. (1986). "The emergence of self-help as a housing strategy for the urban poor." In R. Bratt, C. Hartman, & A. Meyerson (Eds.), ''Critical perspectives on housing'' (pp. 447–462). Philadelphia: Temple University Press. (Available for online loan from Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/criticalperspect00brat).
 
Kohn, W., & Mosher, H. (Codirectors). (2007). ''Tent cities toolkit: A multimedia grassroots primer'' [DVD]. Portland, OR: Kwamba Productions.&nbsp;
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Lakeman, Mark. "Dignity Village 2001 and Beyond: Outlining Strategies for a Sustainable Future."
 
Langan, Celeste. (1995). ''Romantic Vagrancy: Wordsworth and the Simulation of Freedom''. Cambridge University Press, 1995. <nowiki>ISBN 9780521035101</nowiki>.
 
Larson, Jane E. (2002). "Informality, Illegality, and Inequality." 20 YALE L. & POL'Y REV. 137 (2002).
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Lubenau, Anne-Marie. "Site Visit: A Tiny House Village in Olympia Offers a New Model for Housing the Homeless." ["Quixote Village is a self-managed community that provides permanent, supportive housing for homeless adults"]. Metropolis Magazine, April 20, 2015. &nbsp;https://www.metropolismag.com/architecture/residential-architecture/site-visit-a-tiny-house-village-in-olympia-offers-a-new-model-for-housing-the-homeless/.
 
Lutz, Manuel. (2015). "Uncommon Claims to the Commons: Homeless Tent Cities in the US." in Dellenbaugh, Mary, et al, eds. (2015). Urban Commons: Moving Beyond State and Market. Birkhauser Verlag GmhH, 2015, p.101-116.  <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-03821-661-2</nowiki>. https://www.academia.edu/26014671/Uncommon_Claims_to_the_Commons_Homeless_Tent_Cities_in_the_US_2015_book_chapter_in_Dellenbaugh_Mary_et_al._Urban_commons_Moving_beyond_state_and_market._Bauwelt_Fundamente_Vol._15_Birkh%C3%A4user_101-117.<blockquote>'commoning' as key pattern in tent cities, encampments, villages. Not necessarily ideological or theorized, is a universal and age-old practical approach to surviving.
MADWORKSHOP (Santa Monica). Homes for Hope project (2016-). [http://madworkshop.org/projects/homes-for-hope/. http://madworkshop.org/projects/homes-for-hope/.&nbsp;]▼
 
''"It is noteworthy that these communities have managed to sustain and expand their commons for years or even decades...These makeshift communities not only keep their commons working as place of last resort that is safer than the streets, but also provide a structure for a more self-determined life of empowerment, engagement, and protest. Their practice is banal but also turns the dominant principle of capitalist production of space upside down. In a society in which land is treated as a commodity and where the non-properties are governied in dehumanizing ways, the practices in the camps illustrate a break in this logic. Tent city activists continue to renegotiate and politicize their political-economic circumstances and their homelessness management system. When they demand political and legal recognition is it not limited to a place for their own tent city but inevitably extends to opening opportunities for more such tent commons."''
 
''"Take Back the Land organizer Max Rameau, of the Center for Pan-African Development, argued that the Umoja Village was not just about gentrification, but was a full "land struggle," in the mold of Brazil's MST (the Landless Workers' Movement) and similar movements in South Africa. As an advocate of Pan-Africanism, Rameau asserted black people should control the land in the black community, as manifested by Umoja Village.''
 
''"The village itself was built with the help of local white and Latino anarchists, operating under the black political leadership of Take Back the Land."''
 
▲''"As one activist stated, tent cities are 'simultaneously the most and the least radical response to a disturbing crisis.'" (6) - Rameau, Take Back the Land.''</blockquote>MADWORKSHOP (Santa Monica). Homes for Hope project (2016-). [http://madworkshop.org/projects/homes-for-hope/. http://madworkshop.org/projects/homes-for-hope/.&nbsp;]
 
Marcuse, P. (2016). "After Exposing the Roots of Homelessness – What?" ''Urban Geography, 38(3), 357–359.'' doi:10.1080/02723638.2016.1247601.<blockquote>"I am deeply impressed by the contributions to this symposium and the debates that have led up to it, and happy that my little essay of more than 25 years ago [Marcuse, Peter. "Neutralizing Homelessness." ''Socialist Review'', 1988. issue 1] fed into them. But at the same time I am saddened by its continued timeliness. <br />"It is now clear that we know enough about homelessness and its causes and effects to understand how abhorrent it is within an affluent society, and further that we know enough to be aware of what is needed to end it, what can and should be done. I write “‘we’ know enough”: at least no one seriously argues today that homelessness is inevitable as a natural and healthy phenomenon, needed to keep society going, providing an incentive for those too lazy or too stupid to get to work and take care of themselves. "So why do we still have homelessness in countries like the United States today?" [...] <br />"But consider the further implications of acting on what we know about homelessness, pursing its implications critically in public policy formation. The money and resources that are needed to provide adequate housing for all must either come from the private profit-motivated sector—we live in a capitalist society—, or from government. In the private sector that means raising wages and incomes substantially at the bottom and the middle; and in the government sector, raising taxes at the top. Clearly controversial. Power to bring about either event does not lie with those pushing to solve homelessness." "What needs to be done urgently today—yet will be done gradually and, ultimately, tomorrow—is really pretty clear." </blockquote>
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Menzies, Robert. (2015). "Transcarceration." in ''The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology,'' Edited by George Ritzer, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeost038.pub2.
 
Miller, Abbilyn Marie (2012). "Determining Critical Factors in Community-Level Planning of Homeless Service Projects."  Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4838892.pdf.
 
Mingoya, Catherine. (2015). “Building Together. Tiny House Villages for the Homeless: A Comparative Case Study.” Unpublished master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. &nbsp;https://dusp.mit.edu/sites/dusp.mit.edu/files/attachments/news/mingoya_2015.pdf.
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Mitchell, Ryan. ''Tiny House Living: Ideas For Building and Living Well In Less than 400 Square Feet''. (2014).
 
Molinar, Robert L. (2018) "Self-Organization as a Response to Homelessness: Negotiating Autonomy and Transitional Living in a 'Village' Community.'" A Dissertation Presented to the Department of Sociology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, June 2018. <nowiki>https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/23826/Molinar_oregon_0171A_12261.pdf</nowiki>.
 
Monahan, Rachel (2017). "A Developer Offers the Portland Mayor 300 Apartments at a Deep Discount—and Waits for a Reply." &nbsp;[on Rob Justus / Home First Development]. &nbsp;Willamette Week, March 21, 2017.&nbsp; [https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2017/03/21/a-developer-offers-the-portland-mayor-300-apartments-at-a-deep-discount-and-waits-for-a-reply/. https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2017/03/21/a-developer-offers-the-portland-mayor-300-apartments-at-a-deep-discount-and-waits-for-a-reply/.&nbsp;]
Line 361 ⟶ 365:
 
Mumford, Eric. "CIAM and Its Outcomes." [https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/2383. https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/2383.&nbsp;]
 
Munzer, Stephen R. (1997). "Ellickson on Chronic Misconduct in Urban Spaces: Of Panhandlers, Bench Squatters, and Day Laborers." ''Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review'', vol. 32, no. 1, Winter 1997, p. 1-48.
 
Murphy, M. (2014). “Tiny Houses as Appropriate Technology.”&nbsp;''Communities'', No. 165, Winter 2014: Fellowship International Community.
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Nir, Sarah Maslin. "Thinking Outside the Box by Moving Into One." The New York Times, Oct. 13, 2015. [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/14/us/live-in-boxes-in-oakland-redefine-housing-squeeze.html [1]].
 
Noterman, Elsa. (2020): Taking back vacant property, Urban Geography. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2020.1743519</nowiki>.
 
O'Connor, Charles James, et al (1913). San Francisco Relief Survey; the organization and methods of relief used after the earthquake and fire of April 18, 1906. &nbsp;New York: Survey Associates, 1913..&nbsp;https://archive.org/details/sanfranciscoreli00oconrich/page/n8.
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Parr, Evanie and Rankin, Sara (2018). "It Takes a Village: Practical Guide for Authorized Encampments." Seattle University Homeless Rights Advocacy Project, May 3, 2018.&nbsp;Available at SSRN:&nbsp;https://ssrn.com/abstract=3173224. &nbsp;
 
Parsell, Cameron. "Homelessness, Identity, and our Poverty of Ambition."&nbsp;Keynote address at 14th European Research Conference on Homelessness. 20 September 2019, Helsingborg, Sweden.&nbsp;<blockquote>
Parsell, Cameron. "Homelessness, Identity, and our Poverty of Ambition."&nbsp;Keynote address at 14th European Research Conference on Homelessness. 20 September 2019, Helsingborg, Sweden.&nbsp;<br /> Presentation slides: https://www.feantsaresearch.org/public/user/Observatory/2019/2019_conference/ppts/Plenary_-_Cameron_Parsell_-_Keynote_Europe_September_2019.pdf<br /> Video: &nbsp;https://www.facebook.com/FEANTSA/videos/515174705720867/ (2:40 - 33:20).&nbsp;<blockquote>''&nbsp; &nbsp; "We overserve people who are experiencing homelessness, and this overservicing represents one of the key barriers to actually ending it." (near start).'' ''<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"Homelessness exists in Australia and increases because actually we pity them, we pity them&nbsp;<br /> as someone deficient, as the downtrodden, as a group of people that we want to exercise our compassion towards. Whereas a few years ago we were talking about justice, we were talking about evidence, we were talkingabout ending homelessness, this is what we're doing in Australia now: &nbsp;we're actually giving brand new vans and washing machines, and driving around washing their clothes."''</blockquote>▼
 
Presentation slides: https://www.feantsaresearch.org/public/user/Observatory/2019/2019_conference/ppts/Plenary_-_Cameron_Parsell_-_Keynote_Europe_September_2019.pdf<br /> Video: &nbsp;https://www.facebook.com/FEANTSA/videos/515174705720867/ (2:40 - 33:20).&nbsp;
 
▲Parsell, Cameron. "Homelessness, Identity, and our Poverty of Ambition."&nbsp;Keynote address at 14th European Research Conference on Homelessness. 20 September 2019, Helsingborg, Sweden.&nbsp;<br /> Presentation slides: https://www.feantsaresearch.org/public/user/Observatory/2019/2019_conference/ppts/Plenary_-_Cameron_Parsell_-_Keynote_Europe_September_2019.pdf<br /> Video: &nbsp;https://www.facebook.com/FEANTSA/videos/515174705720867/ (2:40 - 33:20).&nbsp;<blockquote>''&nbsp; &nbsp; "We overserve people who are experiencing homelessness, and this overservicing represents one of the key barriers to actually ending it." (near start).'' ''<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"Homelessness exists in Australia and increases because actually we pity them, we pity them&nbsp;<br /> as someone deficient, as the downtrodden, as a group of people that we want to exercise our compassion towards. Whereas a few years ago we were talking about justice, we were talking about evidence, we were talkingabout ending homelessness, this is what we're doing in Australia now: &nbsp;we're actually giving brand new vans and washing machines, and driving around washing their clothes."''</blockquote>
 
Parsell, Cameron, and Beth Watts. Charity and Justice: A Reflection on New Forms of Homelessness Provision in Australia. ''European Journal of Homelessness'', Vol&nbsp;11, No. 2, December 2017. https://www.feantsaresearch.org/download/think-piece-12032277176126500690.pdf.<blockquote>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;''"Abstract: Charity directed at people who are homeless is invariably portrayed as positive. The good intentions of the provider of charity are not only lauded, but equated with positive outcomes for the receiver. The often severe material deprivation experienced by those who are homeless appears to justify the celebration of an extremely low bar of resource provision. Extending what has been the historic provision of food, drinks, blankets, and other day-to-day means of survival, contemporary charity in Australia also includes the provision of mobile shower, mobile clothes washing, and mobile hair dressing facilities. The emergence of similar ‘novel’ interventions to ‘help the homeless’ are seen in a wide range of other countries. In this paper we examine the consequences of providing charity to people who are homeless; consequences for the giver, receiver, and society more broadly. Drawing on the ideas of Peter Singer and the ‘effective altruist’ movement as a possible corrective to this prevailing view of charity, we suggest that such charitable interventions may not only do little good, but may actually do harm. We further argue that justice is achieved when inequities are disrupted so that people who are homeless can access the material condition required to exercise autonomy over how they live, including the resources required to wash, clothe and feed themselves how and when they choose."'' </blockquote>
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Przybylinski, Stephen. (2020). "Securing legal rights to place: mobilizing around moral claims for a houseless rest space in Portland, Oregon." Urban Geography, DOI:10.1080/02723638.2020.1719307. [focuses on Right 2 Dream Too rest area].
 
Rameau, Max. ''Take Back the Land – Land, Gentrification and the Umoja Village Shantytown'' (Miami: Nia Interactive Press, 2008), 7.
 
Rankin, Sara (January 28, 2020). "Hiding Homelessness: The Transcarceration of Homelessness." ''California Law Review'', Forthcoming. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3499195 http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3499195].
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Richards, Rob. &nbsp;"A Tale of Tent Cities: A Camp Quixote Retrospective." Medium.com, Oct 25, 2013. [https://medium.com/@robrichards/a-tale-of-tent-cities-43bf8f5d6ab8. https://medium.com/@robrichards/a-tale-of-tent-cities-43bf8f5d6ab8.&nbsp;]
 
 
Roy, Ananya (2003). “Paradigms Of Propertied Citizenship:&nbsp;Transnational Techniques of Analysis,” ''Urban Affairs Review,'' vol. 38, no. 4 (2003): 463–91. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/1078087402250356. PDF: [https://drive.google.com/open?id=1e0iX1kzxDQ-6lGB9_851exaMiuRCfHRx. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1e0iX1kzxDQ-6lGB9_851exaMiuRCfHRx.&nbsp;]<blockquote>''"Abstract: The American paradigm of propertied citizenship has far-reaching consequences for the propertyless, as in the brutal criminalization of the homeless. Activist groups, such as the anarchist squatter organization Homes Not Jails, have sought to challenge this paradigm through innovative techniques of property takeovers, invocations of American traditions of homesteading, and Third World tactics of self-help and informality. This study trains a transnational lens on both the paradigm and its subversions. Posing Third World questions of the First World, the author seeks to unsettle the normalized hierarchy of development and underdevelopment and explores lessons that can be learned from different modes of shelter struggles."''</blockquote>
 
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Smock, Kristina (2010). "An Evaluation of Dignity Village." Prepared by Kristina Smock Consulting for the Portland Housing Bureau. February 2010. [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1weO2FSOZVYkxH3Wcb6xdDnFARW5oJnBO/view?usp=sharing [1]].
 
Snow, David A., and Leon Anderson. 1987. “Identity Work Among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction and Avowal of Personal Identities.” American Journal of Sociology 92(6):1336–71.
 
——. 1993. ''Down on Their Luck: A Study of Homeless Street People''. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
 
Snow, David A., and Michael Mulcahy. 2001. “Space, Politics, and the Survival Strategies of the Homeless.” ''American Behavioral Scientist'' 45(1):149–69.
 
Solomon, Molly. &nbsp;"What Would 'Housing as a Human Right' Look Like in California?" KQED News, 12 Feb 2020. https://www.kqed.org/news/11801176/what-would-housing-as-a-human-right-look-like-in-california.
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Sparks, Tony. (2016). "Neutralizing Homelessness, 2015: Tent cities and ten year plans." ''Urban Geography'', 38(3), 348–356. DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2016.1247600.
 
Speer, Jessie (2018).  "The rise of the tent ward: Homeless camps in the era of mass incarceration." Political Geography, Volume 62, 2018, Pages 160-169. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.11.005</nowiki>.<blockquote>''"Abstract: In the era of mass incarceration, services for the homeless often involve mechanisms of confinement and discipline. Over the past decade, homeless communities in cities across the US have developed large-scale encampments in which residents survive outside the purview of official homelessness management systems. Most cities have responded by evicting campers and destroying their tents and shanties. Yet some local governments have instead legalized encampments, while imposing varying degrees of spatial control and surveillance on camp residents. In so doing, they have created unique new spaces for managing homelessness. This article terms these spaces “tent wards” to reflect their dualistic functions of both care and custody. Based on secondary sources and ethnographic research from 2013, I analyze nearly a dozen tent wards in cities across the US, and engage a more in-depth study of the development of such spaces in Fresno, California. I argue that the rise of tent wards calls attention to the need for a renewed focus on the relationship between incarceration and welfare in the US, and the ways in which a diverse range of spaces function together to isolate and discipline entire segments of the population."''</blockquote>Spevak, Eli, and Madeline Kovacs, Orange Splot LLC. "Character-Compatible, Space-Efficient Housing Options for Single-Dwelling Neighborhoods." Oregon Transportation and Growth Management Program, and Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. May 2016. https://www.oregon.gov/lcd/UP/Pages/Space-Efficient-Housing.aspx<br /> Cottage Clusters<br /> Internal Home Divisions<br /> Corner Duplexes<br /> Accessory Dwelling Units
 
Spohn, Richard B. (1972). "The Owner-Builder: Legislative Analysis and Recommendation." In [Turner & Fichtel, eds, ''Freedom to Build'', 1972].&nbsp;
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Stevens, Robert William, and Ted Swisher, eds. (1986). ''Community Self-help Housing Manual: Partnership in Action''. Intermediate Technology Development Group of North America, 1986.
 
Stoecker, R. (1997). "The CDC Model of Urban Redevelopment: A Critique and an Alternative." Journal of Urban Affairs, 19(1): 1-22. &nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1997.tb00392.x. PDF: [https://drive.google.com/open?id=1AWgx3fj3cB2gPd33qq2EUKLfDU41-yQt. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1AWgx3fj3cB2gPd33qq2EUKLfDU41-yQt.&nbsp;]<blockquote>''Abstract:<br /> "This paper questions the viability of an urban redevelopment model that relies on small communiry development corporations (CDCs) and proposes an alternative. Because most CDCs are severely undercapitalized, they can not keep up with accelerating decay. Their existence, and the emphasis placed on their supposed successes, allow elites to blame poor neighborhood CDCs rather than external conditions for redevelopment failure. The model also emphasizes that CDCs be community-based, but because their resource base is controlled from outside the neighborhood there is really very little community control over CDCs. CDCs may even delegitimize more empowerment-focused community organizing attempts by making them appear radical. Consequently, the CDC development process my actually disorganize poor communities by creating internal competition or disrupting social networks. An alternative model of neighborhood redevelopment is proposed which emphasizes community organizing, community-controlled planning, and high-capacity multi-local CDCs held accountable through a strong community organizing process."''</blockquote>Stone, Lyman. "All economies are mining boom towns on one time scale or another. All cities are tent-cities." [https://twitter.com/lymanstoneky/status/710405815644102656?s=20 Tweet March 17, 2016].
 
 
 
Stone, Lyman. "All economies are mining boom towns on one time scale or another. All cities are tent-cities." [https://twitter.com/lymanstoneky/status/710405815644102656?s=20 Tweet March 17, 2016].
 
Stohr, Kate, Cameron Sinclair, and Architecture for Humanity (2012). ''Design Like You Give a Damn {2}: Building Change from the Ground Up''. Abrams, 2012.&nbsp;
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Willse, Craig (2015). ''The Value of Homelessness: Managing Surplus Life in the United States''. University of Minnesota Press, 2015.
 
Wright, Talmudge. (1997). ''Out of Place: Homeless mobilizations, subcities, and contested landscapes.'' Albany: State University of New York Press.
 
Wyatt, Anne (2014) "Rethinking Shelter and Tiny House Communities: Dignity Village, Portland, and Lessons from San Luis Obispo," Focus: Vol. 11: Issue&nbsp;1, Article 14.&nbsp;http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/focus/vol11/iss1/14.
 
Wacquant, Loïc. “Designing Urban Seclusion in the Twenty-First Century: The 2009 Roth-Symonds Lecture." ''Perspecta'', vol. 43, 2010, pp. 164–175. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41680282. <blockquote>"We can then distribute the ideal-typical forms of sociospatial seclusion in the two-dimensional space defined by those two axes (see Figure 1): elective versus forced, at I the top or at the bottom. Looking at the top right-hand side quadrant, on the choice side and high in social and physical space, you find those people who choose isolation and seek privacy, who wish to be among the likes of themselves or to avoid debased populations and unsavory activities. This is self -seclusion at the top fueled by in-group orientation is represented by elite enclaves or traditional upper-class districts in the city....So at the top you find noble activities, exercised by powerful persons, endowed with the material and symbolic capital to exclude others and to self-seclude, while at the bottom are bunched up ignoble activities and tainted populations deprived of economic and cultural capital, the dispossessed and the dishonored."
<br />
 
"The prosecutorial approach commonly adopted by social analysts has prevented them from recognizing that the ghetto is a two-faced contraption: it is at once and inseparably an instrument of subordination and a conduit for protection, ! unification, and cohesion. We must be alert to the hidden and counterintuitive benefits of ghettoization, which offers a subordinate ethnoracial category a vehicle for self-organization and mobilization and thence allows them to leverage their 'power from below.'" [referring to argument of his forthcoming book ''The Two Faces of the Ghetto''].</blockquote><br />
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