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Various other terms are used in different places for different types of social housing: for example, in the UK, ''council housing /'' c''ouncil estates ''are municipal-owned housing'', ''and ''housing associations'' are private non-profits; in Germany and Austria, in 20thC, ''Siedlungen ''('settlements') and ''Gemeindebau'' ('municipality building'); in Denmark, ''Almennyttigt Boligbyggeri'' ('non-profit housing'), etc. 
 
According to ''The Dictionary of Urbanism'' by Robert Cowan (UK, 2005), "social housing" is: <blockquote>''"Housing provided for social purposes (rather than for profit), usually by local authorities, housing associations of housing trusts. In the UK, the term's wide currency dates from the early 1980s. It was coined by the then Conservative government as a more appropriate description than 'council housing', which the government planned effectively to abolish by discounted sales to tenants and transfers to housing associations."''&nbsp; </blockquote>&nbsp;This article is (so far) focused particularly on the origins and early eras of social housing in the UK and US. Many practices were pioneered in the UK and to some extent in the US, in part because modern social housing was especially prompted by urban industrialized conditions and large cities, and the UK was the first country to heavily industrialize, and London and NYC were by the end of the 19thC the two largest cities in the world.
 
==Prevalence==
 
The portion of housing in different countries that could be called some form of 'social' housing varies widely, and depends on how defined.&nbsp; The below chart of estimates for "social&nbsp;''rented dwellings"&nbsp;''as a&nbsp;% of all housing across OECD nations, shows a range from 34% in Netherlands, to < 1% in Latvia. [OECD 2017].
 
[[File:OECD-social-rental-housing-as-percentage-of-all.jpg|thumb|left|700px|Social rental housing as&nbsp;% of all, across OECD]]
<div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div>
To roughly estimate forsocial housing prevalence in the United States, there are various housing types which might be counted:
 
*Federal'''Federally-funded public housing or rent assistance''' (Public, Sec 8 project, Sec 8 voucher, etc).&nbsp; helpsIn aboutthese 4.8Msituations, it is common for tenants to pay up to a maximum percentage of 326Mtheir population,income 126M(often households30%).&nbsp; => 4.8M homes. [source needed].
*[https://twitter.com/hashtag/LIHTC?src=hashtag_click '''#LIHTC'''] '''Low Income Tax Credit funding'''. Such units have affordability requirements on them for some period of time, as little as 15 years from construction but possibly longer or extended. This means ''some'' portion of LIHTC-funded homes have a rental subsidy, in a narrow sense that they are obligated to accept tenants within a certain range of area median income and charge them rents limited as a percentage of that income. => 3M homes created from start of program in 1986 through 2019. [source needed].
*3M units created so far with [https://twitter.com/hashtag/LIHTC?src=hashtag_click #LIHTC],&nbsp;
*plus some city'''City/county/state-only funded projects.''' => ?
*'''[[Inclusionary housing]] programs''' create housing regulated to have some level of affordability, for some length of time, by requiring housing developers to included it in projects, or to contribute in-lieu fees which fund such housing elsewhere. According to the Lincoln Institute's 2017 study [Thaden & Wang 2017], the most complete existing, US jurisdictions surveyed reported creating a total of 173,707 units of affordable housing:
**443 jurisdictions reported creating 49,287 affordable homeownership units;
**581 jurisdictions reported creating 122,320 affordable rental units; and
**164 jurisdictions reported an additional 2,100 affordable homes. Authors note that these programs also reported generating $1.7 billion in fees, typically used for funding other affordable housing, but that housing was not counted in the survey. Also, not all jurisdictions replied to the survey, so "Due to missing data, these numbers substantially underestimate the total fees and units created by the entire inclusionary housing field."
**=> 200,000 units roughly estimated, with the rough guess that since Inclusionary programs are mostly fairly new, most units created by them are still under affordability requirements.
*[[Rent regulation|'''Rent regulation''']] makes rents generally lower than market rate. Mostly in California (especially LA, SF, Oakland, San Jose), NYC, and New Jersey. => 4M homes - very rough guess [need sources. Looked for it but haven't found yet].
 
<nowiki>-------------------</nowiki>
=> 7.8M units / 126M households =&nbsp;'''6.2% or so of US housing is social/assisted low-income.&nbsp;'''▼
 
▲=> 7.8MTOTAL units /'''5M 126M- households12M =&nbsp;homes,'''6 or '''3.29% or- so9.5% of US housing is social / assisted / low-income.&nbsp;:'''
&nbsp;
 
* 5M homes, or 3.9%, counting just public housing and flexible rent assistance, in both of which rent is typically a % of income.
* 5-8M homes, or 3.9 - 6.3%, depending on how many of the 3M tax-credit-financed homes are still within their affordability requirements, and how much you consider this a form of social / rent-subsidized housing.
* + 4M homes, so up to 9.5% of US housing, if you count rent-regulated housing. &nbsp;&nbsp;
 
==Almshouses&nbsp;==
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*Ford, James. Slums and Housing - With Special Reference to New York City - History, Conditions, Policy. &nbsp;Harvard University Press, 1936&nbsp;https://archive.org/details/slumshousingwith0001ford.<br /> &nbsp;
*Gill, Stephen. "Notes" to Oxford University Press edition of ''The Nether World'' by George Gissing. 1992.&nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;
*Gissing, George (1889).&nbsp; ''The Nether World''. (1889)description of Farringdon Road Buildings, London:  vol. 3, p.58. <nowiki>https://archive.org/details/netherworldnovel03giss/page/57/mode/1up/search/Farringdon</nowiki>.<br /> &nbsp;
*Government Accountability Office, United States (GAO). "[https://www.gao.gov/mobile/products/PAD-78-62 Section 236 Rental Housing: An Assessment of HUD's Comments on GAO's Evaluations.]" PAD-78-62,&nbsp;Apr 20, 1978.&nbsp;https://www.gao.gov/mobile/products/PAD-78-62.<br /> &nbsp;
*Gowan, Peter, and Ryan Cooper. "[https://www.peoplespolicyproject.org/2018/04/05/a-plan-to-solve-the-housing-crisis-through-social-housing/ A Plan to Solve the Housing Crisis Through Social Housing]." People's Policy Project, April 5, 2018. [https://www.peoplespolicyproject.org/2018/04/05/a-plan-to-solve-the-housing-crisis-through-social-housing/. https://www.peoplespolicyproject.org/2018/04/05/a-plan-to-solve-the-housing-crisis-through-social-housing/.&nbsp;]<br /> &nbsp;
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