Social housing: Difference between revisions

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The design was further developed on by Sir Sydney Waterlow and his&nbsp;Improved Dwellings Company for their building in London in 1863. [Flandro et al, 2008].<br/> <br/> Improved Dwellings Company, Limited built the Langbourn Buildings - block of 80 dwellings, 1863.&nbsp;
</div> <div style="clear: both">Around the same time, novelist Charles Dickens took a strong interest in housing condititions of the London poor. Carter [2007] observes:&nbsp;</div> <blockquote><div style="clear: both">''"Charles Dickens showed great concern for the despicable conditions of London slums and campaigned for their improvement. His hatred of slums and the governmental practices that allowed them to exist is especially apparent around the time he began conceiving and writing Bleak House (published in installments from March 1852 through September 1853). In the new preface to Martin Chuzzlewit of November 1849, he upholds literature's utility in social activism:<br/> <br/> "In all my writings, I hope I have taken every available opportunity to showing the want of sanitary improvements in the neglected dwellings of the poor" (qtd. in Butt, p. 11). He published several articles on the subject, such as "Health by Act of Parliament, "A Home Question," and "Commission and Omission," in 1850 editions of Household Words. Again in 1850, he made a speech to The Metropolitan Sanitary Association condemning slum landlords and local politicians and, in 1852, he advised philanthropist Angela Burdett-Coutts on the model flats she was financing for London's Columbia Square (Blount 341). In Bleak House, the theme of sanitation, or the lack thereof, surfaces prominently in Dickens's treatment of the brick-maker's house and Tom-all-Alone's. Dickens actually used "Tom-All-Alone's" as a working title for Bleak House, further demonstrating slums' importance for the novel."''</div> <div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> </blockquote>
<br/> Some&nbsp;philanthropists&nbsp;began to provide housing in&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartment_building tenement blocks], and some factory owners built entire villages for their workers, such as&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltaire Saltaire]&nbsp;in 1853,&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bournville Bournville]&nbsp;(1879), and&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Sunlight Port Sunlight]&nbsp;in 1888.
 
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"In exchange for these superior amenities, the tenants had to abide by &nbsp;a strict moral and hygienic code that was enforced by the superintendent in charge. Tenant was limited to blacks.&nbsp;
 
"After twelve years the Workingman's Home was sold to a private investor, and it became known as the Big Flat."&nbsp;[Plunz 2016].For an interesting depiction of tenement/boarding-house life around the time of Workingman's Home's creation, see '''Walt Whitman''',&nbsp;"Wicked Architecture" (''Life Illustrated'', July 19,1856) - mainly about dwelling-houses.&nbsp;<br/> Part II from a series, "New York Dissected".&nbsp;<br/> https://whitmanarchive.org/published/periodical/journalism/tei/per.00270.html.&nbsp; It's on Image 5 of the scanned pages.&nbsp;[Whitman 1856].
 
=== NYC Council of Hygiene's Tenement Survey & model plans ===
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*Comptroller General of the United States. "[https://www.gao.gov/assets/130/121049.pdf Section 236 Rental Housing -- An Evaluation With Lessons For The Future.]"&nbsp;PAD-78-13 JANUARY 10, 1978.&nbsp;[https://www.gao.gov/assets/130/121049.pdf https://www.gao.gov/assets/130/121049.pdf]<br/> ''"This report presents a comprehensive evaluation of the section 236 program; compares section 236 to many other Federal programs;<br/> and discusses investment incentives, program equity, subsidized tenants and program impact. The 236 program has succeded in providing nearly half a million housing units to an income group which is now largely excluded from housing assistance.<br/> It contains recommendations to the Congress and the Department of Housing and Urban Development which would assure that moderate income households receive a reasonable share of future housing assistance."''<br/> &nbsp;
*Congressional Research Service. "[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy]." July 22, 2008 – March 27, 2019. [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html].<br/> &nbsp;
*Douglas, Paul. ''The Coming of a New Party''.&nbsp;(1932). [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015004856913&view=1up&seq=11.  https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015004856913&view=1up&seq=11.&nbsp;] [version with images viewable online; text-only version downloadable as PDF].<br/> &nbsp;
*Flandro et al (2008). "[https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives Progressive Housing in New York City: A Closer Look at Model Tenements and Finnish Cooperatives]."<br/> (Xsusha Carlyann Flandro, Christine Huh, Negin Maleki, Mariana Sarango-Manaças, & Jennifer Schork; for Historical Preservation Graduate Studio II, Columbia University, Spring 2008).&nbsp;<br/> [https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives. https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives.&nbsp;]<br/> &nbsp;
*Ford, James. Slums and Housing - With Special Reference to New York City - History, Conditions, Policy. &nbsp;Harvard University Press, 1936&nbsp;[https://archive.org/details/slumshousingwith0001ford https://archive.org/details/slumshousingwith0001ford].<br/> &nbsp;
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*Vale, Lawrence J.. ''From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors.'' (Harvard University Press, 2007).<br/> &nbsp;
*White, Alfred Tredway.&nbsp; ''Improved Dwellings for the Working Classes: The need, and the way to meet it on strict commercial pinciples''. (1877, revised 1879).&nbsp;<br/> ____. ''Better Homes for Workingmen'' (1885).&nbsp;<br/> ____. ''Riverside Buildings ''(1890).<br/> all of above available at:&nbsp;[https://books.google.com/books?id=-hVRAQAAMAAJ [1]].&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Whitman, Walt. "Wicked Architecture" (''Life Illustrated,'' July 19,1856) - mainly about dwelling-houses.&nbsp;Part II from a series, "New York Dissected".<br/> This was unsigned, but has been attributed to Whitman by scholars.&nbsp;https://whitmanarchive.org/published/periodical/journalism/tei/per.00270.html.<br/> On Image 5 of the scanned page images listed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Wikipedia. "First Houses."&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Houses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Houses.&nbsp;]
 
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