Social housing: Difference between revisions

 

 

 

The portion of housing in different countries that could be called some form of 'social' housing varies widely, and depends on how defined.&nbsp; The below chart of estimates for "social&nbsp;''rented dwellings"&nbsp;''as a&nbsp;% of all housing, shows a range from 34% in Netherlands, to < 1% in Latvia. [OECD 2017].

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== The Fuggerei, Augsburg Germany (1516-) ==

"The world's oldest social housing complex still in use. It is a walled enclave within the city of '''Augsburg, Bavaria'''. It takes its name from the Fugger family and was founded in 1516 by Jakob Fugger the Younger (known as "Jakob Fugger the Rich") as a place where the needy citizens of Augsburg could be housed. By 1523, 52 houses had been built, and in the coming years the area expanded with various streets, small squares and a church. The gates were locked at night, so the Fuggerei was, in its own right, very similar to a small independent medieval town. It is still inhabited today, affording it the status of being the oldest social housing project in the world."&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuggerei [1]].&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;

 

 

 

 

John Boughton (author of ''Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing'', 2018) notes: "Workers' housing, 1776, in Cromford Village, courtesy of Richard Arkwright and up the hill its 20th century democratic equivalent." [https://twitter.com/MunicipalDreams/status/1102187952732545025?s=20 Tweet Mar 3, 2019]:&nbsp;

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Summarized and extended by helpful paper:&nbsp;<br/> Hoffman, Alexander von. "[https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/von_hoffman_w98-2.pdf. The Origins of American Housing Reform]." Harvard University Joint Center for Housing Studies, publication W98-2, August 1998. &nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;

 

 

[[File:Workingmans-Home-NYC-1855.jpg|thumb|right|600px|Workingman's Home, NYC, 1855]]

"In the 1860s were established the New York City Council of Hygiene, a Citizens Association, and the Department of Survey and &nbsp;Inspection of Buildings.&nbsp;A survey of the 15,309 tenement buildings in New York City was completed by the Council of Hygiene and was published in 1865. This study also included the plans for the plans for Waterlow's&nbsp;1863 Improved Dwellings Company buildings, the first Englist model tenement English plans published in the&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;&nbsp;[American] architects that subsequently traveled and investigated these model houses included James E. Ware, Henry Atterbury Smith, Grosvenor Atterbury, Ernest Flagg, and I.N. Phelps-Stokes; and philanthropists Alfred Tredway White, Olivia Sage (Mrs. Russell Sage), Caroline and Olivia Phelps-Stokes and Ann Harriman Vanderbilt. Once back in the United States they used not only the design ideas gathered from the model houses but also the financing scheme. The first successful model tenements to be erected in New York City were the Home Building and the Tower Building in Brooklyn. Financed by Alfred Treadway-Wright and designed by William Field and Son they were completed in 1877."&nbsp; &nbsp;[Flandro et al, 2008].

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[[File:Tower-Buildings-Brooklyn-1879-1.jpg|thumb|right|600px|Tower Buildings model worker housing, Brooklyn, 1879]]

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Liverpool - first public housing (it is claimed) [find references]

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[[File:Boundary-Estate-Hurley-House.jpg|thumb|right|Boundary Estate, London, 1890-1900]]

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[[File:Mare-Island-Vallejo-USHC-housing-1919.jpg|thumb|right|600px|USHC worker housing at Mare Island, Vallejo, California. 1915 plan]]

 

 

Ben-Joseph, Eran. "[http://web.mit.edu/ebj/www/ww1/ww1a.html Workers' Paradise: The Forgotten Communities of World War I]."&nbsp; Online research project, MIT School of Architecture+ Planning.&nbsp;<br/> [http://web.mit.edu/ebj/www/ww1/ww1a.html http://web.mit.edu/ebj/www/ww1/ww1a.html].

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The&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin City of Milwaukee], under socialist mayor&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hoan Daniel Hoan], implemented the country's first public housing project, known as&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_Homes_Historic_District_(Milwaukee,_Wisconsin) Garden Homes], in 1923. This experiment with a municipally-sponsored housing cooperative saw initial success, but was plagued by development and land acquisition problems, and the board overseeing the project dissolved the Gardens Home Corporation just two years after construction on the homes was completed.

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First Houses take their name from their distinction of being the first public housing units constructed in the&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States],&nbsp;opening for the first tenants on December 3, 1935.&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_architecture Victorian]-era&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenement tenements]&nbsp;existed on the site before they were cleared to build the project, which was also the very first project undertaken by the city's new&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Housing_Authority Housing Authority]. The units opened in December 1935.

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"Permanent, federally funded housing came into being in the United States as a part of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Title II, Section 202 of the&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act National Industrial Recovery Act], passed June 16, 1933, directed the Public Works Administration (PWA) to develop a program for the "construction, reconstruction, alteration, or repair under public regulation or control of low-cost housing and&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum_clearance slum clearance]&nbsp;projects...". Led by the Housing Division of the PWA and headed by architect&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Kohn Robert Kohn], the initial, Limited-Dividend Program aimed to provide low-interest loans to public or private groups to fund the construction of low-income housing."

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from:&nbsp; Congressional Research Service. "Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy."&nbsp;July 22, 2008 – March 27, 2019.&nbsp;

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Headwaters Apartment & Headwaters Village, Portland.&nbsp;

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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx-Hof Karl Marx-Hof], the most famous&nbsp;municipal public&nbsp;housing building in Vienna.&nbsp;

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=== HBM - habitation à bon marché ===

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"Million Homes" program

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wikipedia says Urban Renaissance manages about 750k units. Japan has about 50M households, so UR/social housing is about 1.5% of households. For comparison, US Federal rent assistance (Public, Sec 8 project, Sec 8 voucher, etc) helps about 4.8M of 326M population, also about 1.5%

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In late 2017, SF YIMBY group began discussing ideas for proposing mixed-income, financially self-supporting, new housing using disused SFMTA (transit agency) surface parking lots.&nbsp; See [Trauss 2018a], [Trauss 2018b].

[[File:Peoples-Policy-Project--Social-Housing-report-cover-2018.jpg|thumb|right|500px|PPP]]

 

 

In April 5, 2018, the People's Policy Project (founded by writer Matt Breunig) released "[https://www.peoplespolicyproject.org/2018/04/05/a-plan-to-solve-the-housing-crisis-through-social-housing/ A Plan to Solve the Housing Crisis Through Social Housing]," authored by&nbsp;Irish political organizer Peter Gowan and New York-based journalist Ryan Cooper. [Gowan 2018].&nbsp;

[[File:A-National-Homes-Guarantee-Briefing-Book-2019.jpg|thumb|right|500px|A National Homes Guarantee, Briefing Book (Sept 2019)]]

 

<blockquote>''"For decades, tenants, residents of public and subsidized housing, and people experiencing homelessness have been organizing to protect their rights and win structural reforms, in and across cities, suburbs, and small towns, all over the country. People’s Action has a long history of driving visionary housing policy. Our members, along with movement partners, have won landmark reforms like the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (1975), Community Reinvestment Act (1977), Dodd-Frank (2010), and much more at the state and local levels.'' ''"Grassroots leaders, as a part of the People’s Action housing justice cohort, developed the Homes Guarantee framework over a year ago. Since then, we launched an intensive organizing process: building our base through popular education trainings on racial capitalism and housing policy, forging relationships with legislative champions, hosting a briefing with the Congressional Progressive Caucus, recruiting a policy team, and, finally, drafting our ambitious proposal for a national Homes Guarantee. We completed a draft in late July.'' ''"Since then, our member organizations and grassroots leaders have picked it apart and put it back together, making our vision bigger, bolder, and more responsive to community needs. Additionally, over 115 movement allies and institutions have reviewed the draft and submitted feedback''</blockquote>

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*Bauer, Catherine [1934]. ''Modern Housing''. 1934.&nbsp;<br/> [http://bit.ly/Bauer_Modern-Housing1 [1]] - [60MB PDF, assembled from page scans available at Internet Archive].&nbsp;<br/> A landmark work focusing on European social housing post-WWI, by one of the most influential housing reformers of the 20th Century.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;

*Congressional Research Service. "[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy]." July 22, 2008 – March 27, 2019. [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html].<br/> &nbsp;

*Flandro et al (2008). "[https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives Progressive Housing in New York City: A Closer Look at Model Tenements and Finnish Cooperatives]."<br/> (Xsusha Carlyann Flandro, Christine Huh, Negin Maleki, Mariana Sarango-Manaças, & Jennifer Schork; for Historical Preservation Graduate Studio II, Columbia University, Spring 2008).&nbsp;<br/> [https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives. https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives.&nbsp;]<br/> &nbsp;

*Gill, Stephen. "Notes" to Oxford University Press edition of ''The Nether World'' by George Gissing. 1992.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;

*Gissing, George.&nbsp;''The Nether World'' (1889).<br/> &nbsp;

*Haines, Gary. “[http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/boundary-of-old-nichol-s-vice-filth-death-1-666236 Boundary of Old Nichol’s Vice, Filth & Death].” &nbsp;The Docklands & East London Advertiser, 24 July 2008<br/> [http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/boundary-of-old-nichol-s-vice-filth-death-1-666236 http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/boundary-of-old-nichol-s-vice-filth-death-1-666236].<br/> &nbsp;

*Harloe. "The People's Home?: Social Rented Housing in Europe and America" 1995.<br/> [https://books.google.com/books?id=ANHUyh67w-YC&pg=PT4&lpg=PT4&dq=Michael+Harloe+The+People's+Home&source=bl&ots=oxABIsnT6x&sig=evBjtSQQx3oZPfrNzH6x4auDH0M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyuJjM_vTUAhUj74MKHWTGC284ChDoAQgkMAM#v=onepage&q&f=true https://books.google.com/books?id=ANHUyh67w-YC&pg=PT4&lpg=PT4&dq=Michael+Harloe+The+People%27s+Home&source=bl&ots=oxABIsnT6x&sig=evBjtSQQx3oZPfrNzH6x4auDH0M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyuJjM_vTUAhUj74MKHWTGC284ChDoAQgkMAM#v=onepage&q&f=true].<br/> &nbsp;

*Hogarty, Dave. "[https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million Warren Mews Cottage For Workingman With $1.375 Million.]"&nbsp; Curbed NY, Feb 15, 2012.&nbsp;[https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million. https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million.&nbsp;]<br/> &nbsp;

*Ingalls, Julia. "[https://archinect.com/features/article/149956316/touring-some-of-the-world-s-most-attractive-public-housing-projects Touring some of the world's most attractive public housing projects.]"&nbsp;''Archinect.&nbsp;''August 9, 2016.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;