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[[File:Arkwright-worker-housing-in-Cromford-Village-by-Boughton2.jpg|thumb|400px|Arkwright worker housing, Cromford Village UK]]
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An early landmark was the planned housing and facilities in mill town [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Lanark New Lanark], Scotland, which industrialist and reformer '''Robert Owen '''developed from around 1800-1825 as a model workers town. It became well-known throughout Europe was visited by many reformers and writers. <br/> </div> The factories and slums of Manchester attracted many visitors and writers from around the UK and the world starting in the early 19th C., now most famously Engels who wrote based on it ''The Condition of the Working Class in England. ''Thanks to extensive journalistic, sociological, and literary interest of these 19thC UK slum conditions, we have an extensive and diverse written record of the conditions there and how responses to them helped produce reformist movements including company towns (e.g. Robert Owens, Borneville), private social housing and model tenements, and early public housing.
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By the 1840s in the UK, there was widespread public concern about unsanitary or inhumane conditions in working-class housing, and the relative possibility of violent mass uprising such as growing out of the Chartist movement.
▲An early landmark was the planned housing and facilities in mill town [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Lanark New Lanark], Scotland, which industrialist and reformer '''Robert Owen '''developed from around 1800-1825 as a model workers town. It became well-known throughout Europe was visited by many reformers and writers. <br/> </div> The factories and slums of Manchester attracted many visitors and writers from around the UK and the world starting in the early 19th C., now most famously Engels who wrote based on it ''The Condition of the Working Class in England. ''Thanks to extensive journalistic, sociological, and literary interest of these 19thC UK slum conditions, we have an extensive and diverse written record of the conditions there and how responses to them helped produce reformist movements including company towns (e.g. Robert Owens, Borneville), private social housing and model tenements, and early public housing. </div>
[[File:SICLC-Bagnippe-Wells-estate-1844-1.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Bagnippe Wells model housing, first project of the SICLC, 1844]]▼
The publication of the ''Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain'' (1842), authored by Edwin Chadwick, was highly influential in fostering the new attitude toward poverty and the urban environment. It also inspired a similar, and similarly influential work in the US, Dr. John H. Griscom. ''The Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of New York'' in (1845). Griscom's work was the first to use the term "How the other half lives", which Jacob Riis would employ fifty years later for the title of his best-selling exposé of the slum [noted in Hoffman 1998].
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Also In the 1840s, Henry Mayhew observed, documented, and described the state of working people in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London] for a series of articles in a newspaper, the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Chronicle Morning Chronicle]'', that were later compiled into book form as ''London Labour and the London Poor ''(1851). Mayhew coined a famous expression of the idea of distinguishing between deserving and non-deserving poor: "those that will work, those that cannot work, and those that will not work."
Engels published ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844 The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844]'' based on his observations of shocking conditions in industrial Manchester, and ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto The Communist Manifesto] ''was published in 1848.
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▲[[File:SICLC-Bagnippe-Wells-estate-1844-1.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Bagnippe Wells model housing, first project of the SICLC, 1844]]
This ferment of reformist interest in the 1840s led to the formation of various reform societies, and projects such as model housing developments.
In 1842 the Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrial Poor was founded in England. (noted in [Mumford 1938], p.177).
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*Congressional Research Service. "[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy]." July 22, 2008 – March 27, 2019. [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL34591.html].<br/>
*Flandro et al (2008). "[https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives Progressive Housing in New York City: A Closer Look at Model Tenements and Finnish Cooperatives]."<br/> (Xsusha Carlyann Flandro, Christine Huh, Negin Maleki, Mariana Sarango-Manaças, & Jennifer Schork; for Historical Preservation Graduate Studio II, Columbia University, Spring 2008). <br/> [https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives. https://www.scribd.com/document/2963635/Progressive-Housing-in-New-York-City-A-Closer-Look-at-Model-Tenements-and-Finnish-Cooperatives. ]<br/>
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Ford, James. Slums and Housing - With Special Reference to New York City - History, Conditions, Policy. Harvard University Press, 1936<br/> [https://archive.org/details/slumshousingwith0001ford https://archive.org/details/slumshousingwith0001ford]
*Gill, Stephen. "Notes" to Oxford University Press edition of ''The Nether World'' by George Gissing. 1992. <br/>
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*Haines, Gary. “[http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/boundary-of-old-nichol-s-vice-filth-death-1-666236 Boundary of Old Nichol’s Vice, Filth & Death].” The Docklands & East London Advertiser, 24 July 2008<br/> [http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/boundary-of-old-nichol-s-vice-filth-death-1-666236 http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/boundary-of-old-nichol-s-vice-filth-death-1-666236].<br/>
*Harloe. "The People's Home?: Social Rented Housing in Europe and America" 1995.<br/> [https://books.google.com/books?id=ANHUyh67w-YC&pg=PT4&lpg=PT4&dq=Michael+Harloe+The+People's+Home&source=bl&ots=oxABIsnT6x&sig=evBjtSQQx3oZPfrNzH6x4auDH0M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyuJjM_vTUAhUj74MKHWTGC284ChDoAQgkMAM#v=onepage&q&f=true https://books.google.com/books?id=ANHUyh67w-YC&pg=PT4&lpg=PT4&dq=Michael+Harloe+The+People%27s+Home&source=bl&ots=oxABIsnT6x&sig=evBjtSQQx3oZPfrNzH6x4auDH0M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyuJjM_vTUAhUj74MKHWTGC284ChDoAQgkMAM#v=onepage&q&f=true].<br/>
*Hoffman, Alexander von [1998]. "[https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/von_hoffman_w98-2.pdf The Origins of American Housing Reform]." Harvard University Joint Center for Housing Studies, publication W98-2, August 1998. [https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/von_hoffman_w98-2.pdf. https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/von_hoffman_w98-2.pdf. ]<br/>
*Hogarty, Dave. "[https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million Warren Mews Cottage For Workingman With $1.375 Million.]" Curbed NY, Feb 15, 2012. [https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million. https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million. ]<br/>
*Ingalls, Julia. "[https://archinect.com/features/article/149956316/touring-some-of-the-world-s-most-attractive-public-housing-projects Touring some of the world's most attractive public housing projects.]" ''Archinect. ''August 9, 2016. <br/>
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