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= 18th-19th Century - slum housing, reform, and model housing in UK and US =
 
== UK - worker housing, reform societies, 5% philanthropy ==▼
18th-19th-century English cities were among the earliest sites of modern industrialization, and industrial slums, and are where many current traditions of social housing and housing regulation begin.
 
<div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">18th-19th-century English cities were among the earliest sites of modern industrialization, and industrial slums, and are where many current traditions of social housing and housing regulation begin.</div> <div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">John Boughton (author of ''Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing'', 2018) notes: "Workers' housing, 1776, in Cromford Village, courtesy of Richard Arkwright and up the hill its 20th century democratic equivalent." [https://twitter.com/MunicipalDreams/status/1102187952732545025?s=20 Tweet Mar 3, 2019]:&nbsp; ▼
 
[[File:Arkwright-worker-housing-in-Cromford-Village-by-Boughton.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Arkwright worker housing, Cromford Village UK]]▼
▲== UK - worker housing, reform societies, 5% philanthropy ==
▲<div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">18th-19th-century English cities were among the earliest sites of modern industrialization, and industrial slums, and are where many current traditions of social housing and housing regulation begin.</div> <div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">John Boughton (author of ''Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing'', 2018) notes: "Workers' housing, 1776, in Cromford Village, courtesy of Richard Arkwright and up the hill its 20th century democratic equivalent." [https://twitter.com/MunicipalDreams/status/1102187952732545025?s=20 Tweet Mar 3, 2019]:&nbsp;
▲[[File:Arkwright-worker-housing-in-Cromford-Village-by-Boughton.jpg|thumb|400px|Arkwright worker housing, Cromford Village UK]]
 
&nbsp;
[[File:Arkwright-worker-housing-in-Cromford-Village-by-Boughton2.jpg|thumb|400px|Arkwright worker housing, Cromford Village UK]]</div>
[[File:Arkwright-worker-housing-in-Cromford-Village-by-Boughton2.jpg|thumb|400px|Arkwright worker housing, Cromford Village UK]]</div> <div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both"><div style="clear: both">An early landmark was the planned housing and facilities in mill town [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Lanark New Lanark], Scotland, which industrialist and reformer&nbsp;'''Robert Owen&nbsp;'''developed from around 1800-1825 as a model workers town. It became&nbsp;well-known throughout Europe was visited by many reformers and writers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;</div> The factories and slums of Manchester attracted many visitors and writers from around the UK and the world starting in the early 19th C., now most famously Engels who wrote based on it&nbsp;''The Condition of the Working Class in England.&nbsp;&nbsp;''Thanks to extensive journalistic, sociological, and literary interest of these 19thC UK slum conditions, we have an extensive and diverse written record of the conditions there and how responses to them helped produce reformist movements including company towns (e.g. Robert Owens, Borneville), private social housing and model tenements, and early public housing.&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both"><br/> By the 1840s in the UK, there was widespread public concern about unsanitary or inhumane conditions in working-class housing, and the relative possibility of violent mass uprising such as growing out of the Chartist movement.&nbsp; In the 1840s Henry Mayhew observed, documented, and described the state of working people in&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London]&nbsp;for a series of articles in a newspaper, the&nbsp;''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Chronicle Morning Chronicle]'', that were later compiled into book form as&nbsp;''London Labour and the London Poor&nbsp;''(1851).&nbsp; Engels published&nbsp;''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844 The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844]''&nbsp;based on his observations of shocking conditions in industrial Manchester, and&nbsp;''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto The Communist Manifesto]&nbsp;''was published in 1848.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">▼
 
 
▲[[File:Arkwright-worker-housing-in-Cromford-Village-by-Boughton2.jpg|thumb|400px|Arkwright worker housing, Cromford Village UK]]</div> <div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both"><div style="clear: both">An early landmark was the planned housing and facilities in mill town [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Lanark New Lanark], Scotland, which industrialist and reformer&nbsp;'''Robert Owen&nbsp;'''developed from around 1800-1825 as a model workers town. It became&nbsp;well-known throughout Europe was visited by many reformers and writers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;</div> The factories and slums of Manchester attracted many visitors and writers from around the UK and the world starting in the early 19th C., now most famously Engels who wrote based on it&nbsp;''The Condition of the Working Class in England.&nbsp;&nbsp;''Thanks to extensive journalistic, sociological, and literary interest of these 19thC UK slum conditions, we have an extensive and diverse written record of the conditions there and how responses to them helped produce reformist movements including company towns (e.g. Robert Owens, Borneville), private social housing and model tenements, and early public housing.&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both"><br/> By the 1840s in the UK, there was widespread public concern about unsanitary or inhumane conditions in working-class housing, and the relative possibility of violent mass uprising such as growing out of the Chartist movement.&nbsp; In the 1840s Henry Mayhew observed, documented, and described the state of working people in&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London]&nbsp;for a series of articles in a newspaper, the&nbsp;''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Chronicle Morning Chronicle]'', that were later compiled into book form as&nbsp;''London Labour and the London Poor&nbsp;''(1851).&nbsp; Engels published&nbsp;''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844 The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844]''&nbsp;based on his observations of shocking conditions in industrial Manchester, and&nbsp;''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto The Communist Manifesto]&nbsp;''was published in 1848.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">&nbsp;</div> <div style="clear: both">
[[File:SICLC-Bagnippe-Wells-estate-1844-1.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Bagnippe Wells model housing, first project of the SICLC, 1844]]
 
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