Social housing: Difference between revisions

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== Almshouses  ==

= Almshouses  =

"The documented history of social housing in Britain starts with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almshouse almshouses], which were established from the 10th century, to provide a place of residence for "poor, old and distressed folk". The first recorded almshouse was founded in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York York] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Æthelstan_of_England King Æthelstan]; the oldest still in existence is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_of_St_Cross Hospital of St. Cross] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester Winchester], dating to circa 1133."<br/> -Wikipedia, "Public housing in the United Kingdom."<br/>  

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"The world's oldest social housing complex still in use. It is a walled enclave within the city of '''Augsburg, Bavaria'''. It takes its name from the Fugger family and was founded in 1516 by Jakob Fugger the Younger (known as "Jakob Fugger the Rich") as a place where the needy citizens of Augsburg could be housed. By 1523, 52 houses had been built, and in the coming years the area expanded with various streets, small squares and a church. The gates were locked at night, so the Fuggerei was, in its own right, very similar to a small independent medieval town. It is still inhabited today, affording it the status of being the oldest social housing project in the world." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuggerei [1]]. <br/>  

== 18th-19th Century - slum housing, reform, and model housing in UK and US ==

= 18th-19th Century - slum housing, reform, and model housing in UK and US =

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<div style="clear: both">18th-19th-century English cities were among the earliest sites of modern industrialization, and industrial slums, and are where many current traditions of social housing and housing regulation begin.</div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="clear: both">John Boughton (author of Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing, 2018) notes still-surviving workers' housing from1776, in Cromford Village, courtesy of Richard Arkwright.</div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="clear: both"><div style="clear: both">An early landmark was the planned housing and facilities in mill town [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Lanark New Lanark], Scotland, which industrialist and reformer '''Robert Owen '''developed from around 1800-1825 as a model workers town. It became well-known throughout Europe was visited by many reformers and writers.  <br/>  </div> The factories and slums of Manchester attracted many visitors and writers from around the UK and the world starting in the early 19th C., now most famously Engels who wrote based on it ''The Condition of the Working Class in England.  ''Thanks to extensive journalistic, sociological, and literary interest of these 19thC UK slum conditions, we have an extensive and diverse written record of the conditions there and how responses to them helped produce reformist movements including company towns (e.g. Robert Owens, Borneville), private social housing and model tenements, and early public housing. </div> <div style="clear: both"><br/> By the 1840s in the UK, there was widespread public concern about unsanitary or inhumane conditions in working-class housing, and the relative possibility of violent mass uprising such as growing out of the Chartist movement.  In the 1840s Henry Mayhew observed, documented, and described the state of working people in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London] for a series of articles in a newspaper, the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Chronicle Morning Chronicle]'', that were later compiled into book form as ''London Labour and the London Poor ''(1851).  Engels published ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844 The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844]'' based on his observations of shocking conditions in industrial Manchester, and ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto The Communist Manifesto] ''was published in 1848. <br/>  </div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="clear: both">

== UK - worker housing, reform societies, 5% philanthropy ==

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<div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="clear: both">18th-19th-century English cities were among the earliest sites of modern industrialization, and industrial slums, and are where many current traditions of social housing and housing regulation begin.</div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="clear: both">John Boughton (author of Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing, 2018) notes still-surviving workers' housing from1776, in Cromford Village, courtesy of Richard Arkwright.</div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="clear: both"><div style="clear: both">An early landmark was the planned housing and facilities in mill town [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Lanark New Lanark], Scotland, which industrialist and reformer '''Robert Owen '''developed from around 1800-1825 as a model workers town. It became well-known throughout Europe was visited by many reformers and writers.  <br/>  </div> The factories and slums of Manchester attracted many visitors and writers from around the UK and the world starting in the early 19th C., now most famously Engels who wrote based on it ''The Condition of the Working Class in England.  ''Thanks to extensive journalistic, sociological, and literary interest of these 19thC UK slum conditions, we have an extensive and diverse written record of the conditions there and how responses to them helped produce reformist movements including company towns (e.g. Robert Owens, Borneville), private social housing and model tenements, and early public housing. </div> <div style="clear: both"><br/> By the 1840s in the UK, there was widespread public concern about unsanitary or inhumane conditions in working-class housing, and the relative possibility of violent mass uprising such as growing out of the Chartist movement.  In the 1840s Henry Mayhew observed, documented, and described the state of working people in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London] for a series of articles in a newspaper, the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Chronicle Morning Chronicle]'', that were later compiled into book form as ''London Labour and the London Poor ''(1851).  Engels published ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844 The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844]'' based on his observations of shocking conditions in industrial Manchester, and ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto The Communist Manifesto] ''was published in 1848. <br/>  </div> <div style="clear: both"> </div> <div style="clear: both">

[[File:SICLC-Bagnippe-Wells-estate-1844-1.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Bagnippe Wells model housing, first project of the SICLC, 1844]]

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== Early public housing in England ==

Liverpool - first public housing (it is claimed) [find references]

The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation City of London Corporation] built [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenements tenements] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farringdon_Road Farringdon Road] in 1865.<br/> (see image of it in [Mumford 1938] p.212.).  

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More information: an Interesting short history of over a century of social housing, from the House of Commons Library: <br/> [http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/olympic-britain/housing-and-home-life/build-it-up-sell-it-off/ http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/olympic-britain/housing-and-home-life/build-it-up-sell-it-off/]

</div>

==   ==

== United States public housing ==

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== Austria<br/>   ==

= Austria<br/>   =

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx-Hof Karl Marx-Hof], the most famous municipal public housing building in Vienna. 

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== France  ==

= France  =

=== HBM - habitation à bon marché ===

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= Sweden =

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== Inclusionary housing (on-site) ==

"Million Homes" program

Rent control

Present day - expanded market-rate housing program.  (noted by Alon Levy). 

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= Inclusionary housing (on-site) =

= People's Policy Project social housing proposal (2018) =

=   =

= Homes Guarantee initiative from People's Action (2019) =

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== References ==