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[[File:OECD-social-rental-housing-as-percentage-of-all.jpg|thumb|left|700px|Social rental housing as % of all, across OECD]]
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=== United States ===
</div> ▼
To roughly estimate social housing prevalence in the United States, there are various housing types which might be counted:
*'''1) Federally-funded public housing or rent assistance''' (Public, Sec 8 project, Sec 8 voucher, etc). In these situations, it is common for tenants to pay up to a maximum percentage of their income (often 30%). => 4.8M homes. [source needed].
*2) [[
*'''3) City/county/state-only funded projects.''' => ?
*'''4) [[Inclusionary housing]] programs''' create housing regulated to have some level of affordability, for some length of time, by requiring housing developers to included it in projects, or to contribute in-lieu fees which fund such housing elsewhere.
**=> 200,000 units roughly estimated, with the rough guess that since Inclusionary programs are mostly fairly new, most units created by them are still under affordability requirements.
*
▲**=> 200,000 units roughly estimated, with the rough guess that since Inclusionary programs are mostly fairly new, most units created by them are still under affordability requirements.
▲*[[Rent regulation|'''Rent regulation''']] makes rents generally lower than market rate. Mostly in California (especially LA, SF, Oakland, San Jose), NYC, and New Jersey. => 4M homes - very rough guess [need sources. Looked for it but haven't found yet].
<nowiki>-------------------</nowiki>
=> TOTAL: '''5M - 12M homes,''' or '''3.8% - 9.5% of US housing is social / assisted / low-income:'''
* 4.8M homes, or 3.8%, counting just public housing and flexible rent assistance, in both of which rent is typically a % of income.
* 5-8M homes, or 3.9 - 6.3%, counting Inclusionary and LIHTC homes, depending on how many of the 3M tax-credit-financed and Inclusionary homes are still within their affordability requirements, and how much you consider this a form of social / rent-subsidized housing.
* + 4M homes, so up to 9.5% of US housing, if you count rent-regulated housing. <br />
==Almshouses ==
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Roberts also designed a model lodging house off Drury Lane in 1846, but both this and Bagnippe Wells have been demolished. <div style="clear: both">
"His next project for the Society, was Parnell House, group of dwellings for 48 families in three blocks built around a courtyard in Streatham Street, near the British Museum, which remains in use as housing. Access to the apartments is by wrought-iron balconies, they are of fireproof construction, and each, at the time of construction, had its own water closet, a revolutionary feature for working class dwellings in England." https://www.erih.net/i-want-to-go-there/site/show/Sites/streatham-street-apartments-parnell-house/.▼
=== 1848 World's Fair - Model Houses for Families ===
"Roberts went on to design the Model Houses shown at the Great Exhibition of the'''1848 World’s Fair,''' hosted in London. Prince Albert sponsored the “Model Houses for Families,” a model tenement which was subsequently built in Bloomsbury, England. Each apartment was cross ventilated -- all rooms had windows that faced either the street of the generously sized courtyard and the staircases were moved to the exterior of the construction, eliminating any dark hallways."<br /> <br /> See image of this in [Mumford, ''The Culture of Cities,''1938] p.212. ▼
"The Model Houses for Families are now re-erected in Kennington Park Road."▼
The design was further developed on by Sir Sydney Waterlow and his Improved Dwellings Company for their Langbourn Building in London in 1863. [Flandro et al, 2008]. This had 80 dwellings. Sir Sydney Waterlow subsequently led building of the Corporation Houses on Farringdon road, completed 1865 (see below). ▼
"Parnell House was built in 1850 by the Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes (SICLC). The land, owned by the Duke of Bedford, was leased for 99 years. In 1965 Peabody took over the former SICLC and all of its remaining London properties. Parnell had played an important role for Peabody long before that: Peabody’s 1964 Annual Report described the development ‘a shining example of good design’ from the 1850s and stated that ‘it was visited by Mr Peabody and may well have influenced him in the manner of his gift to the London poor’.▼
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"Peabody purchased the freehold of the property from Holiday Inns UK in 1994. A Grade II Listed Building, a picture of Parnell’s exterior features on the dust jacket of the 1983 biography of its architect, Henry Roberts."▼
=== Parnell House (1850, SICLC) ===
▲"
▲"Parnell House was built in 1850 by the Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes (SICLC). The land, owned by the Duke of Bedford, was leased for 99 years. In 1965 Peabody took over the former SICLC and all of its remaining London properties. Parnell had played an important role for Peabody long before that: Peabody’s 1964 Annual Report described the development ‘a shining example of good design’ from the 1850s and stated that ‘it was visited by Mr Peabody and may well have influenced him in the manner of his gift to the London poor’.
▲"Peabody purchased the freehold of the property from Holiday Inns UK in 1994. A Grade II Listed Building, a picture of Parnell’s exterior features on the dust jacket of the 1983 biography of its architect, Henry Roberts."
▲"Roberts went on to design the Model Houses shown at the Great Exhibition of the'''1848 World’s Fair,''' hosted in London. Prince Albert sponsored the “Model Houses for Families,” a model tenement which was subsequently built in Bloomsbury, England. Each apartment was cross ventilated -- all rooms had windows that faced either the street of the generously sized courtyard and the staircases were moved to the exterior of the construction, eliminating any dark hallways."<br /> <br /> See image of this in [Mumford, ''The Culture of Cities,''1938] p.212.
▲"The Model Houses for Families are now re-erected in Kennington Park Road."
▲The design was further developed on by Sir Sydney Waterlow and his Improved Dwellings Company for their Langbourn Building in London in 1863. [Flandro et al, 2008]. This had 80 dwellings. Sir Sydney Waterlow subsequently led building of the Corporation Houses on Farringdon road, completed 1865 (see below).
▲</div><br />
===Investment vs philanthropy: The Metropolitan Association vs the SICLC===
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In 1844 the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labourer's_Friend_Society '''Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes''']
see discussion
=== Peabody Trust philanthropic housing (1863-) ===
"The Trust was founded in 1862 by London-based American banker George Peabody, who in the 1850s had developed a great affection for London, and determined to make a charitable gift to benefit it. The aim of the organisation, he said, would be to "ameliorate the condition of the poor and needy of this great metropolis, and to promote their comfort and happiness".
▲</div>
"The Peabody Trust was later constituted by Act of Parliament, stipulating its objectives to work solely within London for the relief of poverty. This was to be expressed through the provision of model dwellings for the capital's poor.
==== Peabody building on Commercial Street (1863) ====▼
"Today it is one of London's oldest and largest housing associations with around 55,000 properties across London and the South East. It is also a community benefit society and urban regeneration agency, a developer with a focus on regeneration, and a provider of an extensive range of community programmes." -Wikipedia, "Peabody Trust".
==== Peabody Square, Islington (1865) ====▼
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[[File:Peabody-Building Commercial Street London 1864 4.jpg|none|thumb|700x700px]]
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[[File:Peabody-Building Commercial Street London 1864 2jpg.jpg|alt=1st Peabody Trust building, Commercial Street, London, completed 1864|none|thumb|640x640px|1st Peabody Trust building, Commercial Street, London, completed 1864]]
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[[File:Peabody-Building Commercial Street London 1864 3.jpg|alt=1st Peabody Trust building, Commercial Street, London, completed 1864|none|thumb|500x500px|1st Peabody Trust building, Commercial Street, London, completed 1864]]
[[File:Peabody-Building Commercial Street London 1864 1.jpg|alt=1st Peabody Trust building, Commercial Street, London, completed 1864|none|thumb|760x760px|1st Peabody Trust building, Commercial Street, London, completed 1864]]
▲==== Peabody Square, Islington (1865) ====
<br />
===City of London Corporation Houses on Farringdon Road (1865) ===
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See Gray (2008), "[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/realestate/12scap.html Architectural Wealth, Built for the Poor]." New York Times. 10 Oct, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/realestate/12scap.html.
Note: HousingWiki editor Tim McCormick lived for seven years near the Tower Buildings.[[File:2-Warren-Place-Brooklyn-1870s.jpg|thumb|right|700px|2 Warren Place (Warren Mews) worker housing, Brooklyn, 1870s]] Alfred Tredway White also built nearby Warren Mews (2 Warren Place, 1877).. See [Hogarty 2012].
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White, Alfred Tredway. ''Improved Dwellings for the Working Classes: The need, and the way to meet it on strict commercial pinciples''. (1877, revised 1879). At Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/improveddwelling00whit.
____. ''Better Homes for Workingmen'' (1885).
____. ''Riverside Buildings'' (1890).
all of above available at Internet
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==United States public housing==
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*Hogarty, Dave. "[https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million Warren Mews Cottage For Workingman With $1.375 Million.]" Curbed NY, Feb 15, 2012. [https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million. https://ny.curbed.com/2012/2/15/10396106/warren-mews-cottage-for-workingman-with-1-375-million. ]<br />
* Ingalls, Julia. "[https://archinect.com/features/article/149956316/touring-some-of-the-world-s-most-attractive-public-housing-projects Touring some of the world's most attractive public housing projects.]" ''Archinect. ''August 9, 2016. <br />
*Karakusevic, Paul, and Abigail Batchelor. (2017). ''Social Housing: Definitions and Design Exemplars''. RIBA Publishing, 2017. <br />
*Kay, James Phillips (1832). ''The moral and physical condition of the working classes employed in the cotton manufacture in Manchester.'' https://archive.org/details/moralphysicalcon00kaysuoft/. <br />
*Kemeny, Jim. "From Public Housing to Social Market" (1995). https://books.google.com/books?id=DjGIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR1&lpg=PR1&dq=Jim+Kemeny+From+Public+Housing+to+Social+Market&source=bl&ots=Z9PNHbPSHq&sig=Sxrayape8GgzGi1dbj8Df2rpQ1Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj95enOgvXUAhWHx4MKHa8LDiQQ6AEISjAN#v=onepage&q&f=false.<br />
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*Plunz, Richard (2016). ''A History of Housing in New York City.''
*Pooley, C. (2006). "Living in Liverpool". In J. Belchem (Ed.), ''Liverpool 800 : Character, Culture, History : Culture, Character and History'' (pp. 171-255). Liverpool University Press.<br />
*Radford, Gail. ''Modern Housing for America: Policy Struggles in the New Deal Era'' (1996).<br />
*Roberts, Henry. (1850, 1855, 1867). ''The dwellings of the labouring classes, their arrangement and construction: with the essentials of a healthy dwelling''. London: Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes. 1855 2nd edition: https://archive.org/details/dwellingslabouringclasses/. 1867 revised and augmented edition: https://archive.org/details/dwellingsoflabou00robe/. <br />
*Royal Commission on the Housing of the Working Classes, 1884-5 - Report. <br />
*Stoughton, John. "Municipal Housing in Liverpool before 1914: the ‘first council houses in Europe’". ''Municipal Dreams'' blog, 8 Oct 2013. <nowiki>https://municipaldreams.wordpress.com/2013/10/08/liverpool-first-council-houses-in-europe/</nowiki>. <br />
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*Survey of London. "The History of the Survey of London." accessed 17 April, 2020. [https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/architecture/research/survey-london/history-survey-london https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/architecture/research/survey-london/history-survey-london.]<br />
*Tarn, John Nelson. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yCQ9AAAAIAAJ Five Per Cent Philanthropy: An Account of Housing in Urban Areas Between 1840 and 1914]. Cambridge University Press, 1973. <br /> https://books.google.com/books?id=yCQ9AAAAIAAJ.<br />
*Thaden, Emily and Ruoniu Wang<sup>1</sup>. (2017) "Inclusionary Housing in the United States: Prevalence, Impact, and Practices." Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, September 2017. <sup>1</sup> both of Grounded Solutions Network. <br />
*Trauss, Sonja [2018]. "Socialism is here, if you want it." [https://twitter.com/SonjaTrauss/status/970825100294533121?s=20 Tweet, Mar 5, 2018, 4:55pm]. (referencing [Trauss 2018b] below). <br />
*Trauss, Sonja [2018b]. Description of mixed-income social housing on San Francisco public land. Tweet, Mar 5, 2018. <br /> https://twitter.com/SonjaTrauss/status/970821176296534016?s=20.<br />
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