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== Housing Choice Voucher Program ==
 
In the United States, the largest income -based housing benefit is the Housing Choice, commonly known as "Section 8", one of the programs authorized under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_8_(housing) Section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937], commonly known as Section 8. Managed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), it pays to landlords a large portion of the rents and utilities of about 2.1 million lower-income households which have been issued a voucher, on an ongoing basis as long as they remain eligible for the voucher. Housing Choice vouchers are "'''tenant-based'''," as opposed to "project-based," so a tenant with a voucher may apply the voucher benefit for any apartment meeting minimum standards whose landlord will accept the voucher. Housing Choice also allows individuals to apply their monthly voucher towards the purchase of a home.
 
Section 8 also authorizes a variety of "project-based" rental assistance programs, under which the owner reserves some or all of the units in a building for low-income tenants, in return for a federal government guarantee to make up the difference between the tenant's contribution and the rent in the owner's contract with the government. A tenant who leaves such a subsidized project will loseloses access to the project-based subsidy. &nbsp;(Wikipedia).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
 
== Housing Benefit (UK)&nbsp; ==
 
The UK's Housing Benefit is a means -tested social security benefit in the UK that is intended to help meet housing costs for rented accommodation. It is the second biggest item in the Department for Work and Pensions' budget after the state pension, totalling £23.8 billion in 2013–14. &nbsp;[more: Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_Benefit Housing Benefit]].&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
 
== India - rent vouchers pilot ==
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"Moreover, the EITC is an invisible subsidy. Just as it works now, landlords would not know whether would-be renters are receiving any EITC benefits, including the housing supplement. It could thus have the effect of reducing discrimination against low-income households with subsidies."
 
== <br/> Local & state-level housing vouchers ==
 
Chicago Trust Fund (1989-)
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New York City has a similar program that provides rent subsidies for qualifying people who live in homeless and domestic violence shelters.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
 
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=== Portland, Oregon pilot (2017) ===
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"Weinstock estimates it would cost $6 million to fund 1,000 vouchers. 'Taking local voucher programs to scale is a significant financial challenge,'&nbsp;Jolin said. "
 
- [Waldroupe 2017].&nbsp;
 
[https://twitter.com/multco @multco]&nbsp;ANNOUNCED:&nbsp;[https://twitter.com/meyermt @meyermt]&nbsp;commits $150K to help local voucher efforts says&nbsp;[https://twitter.com/dkafoury @Dkafoury]&nbsp;[https://twitter.com/hashtag/SOC2018?src=hashtag_click #SOC2018]&nbsp;<br/> 8:26 AM · Mar 16, 2018·
 
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=== proposed Oregon rental assistance&nbsp;program (2019) ===
 
Oregon Center for Public Policy released a study on September 23, 2019, called "[https://www.ocpp.org/2019/09/23/state-rent-assistance-program/ A State Rent Assistance Program Would Strengthen Oregon Communities]." [see Hauser &&nbsp;Ordóñez 2019].&nbsp;
 
The report notes: "This work is made possible in part by generous grants from Meyer Memorial Trust and by gifts from individuals and organizations."&nbsp;
<blockquote>''"In total, federal rent assistance programs helped about 51,000 Oregon households in 2018 — significant but well short of covering existing needs. In 2017, the year of most recent data, about 290,000 renter households in Oregon met the definition of being cost burdened, devoting more than 30 percent of their income towards housing. Of these, 149,000 were severely cost-burdened, paying more than 50 percent of their income on housing."''</blockquote> <blockquote>''"About three in four renter households in Oregon eligible for a housing voucher don’t receive one.41 Waitlists are closed in many Oregon communities — including the two most populous counties, Multnomah and Washington — and have been for years. When Oregonians are able to get on a waitlist the average wait time is more than two years to get a voucher."''</blockquote> <blockquote>''"Many states, Oregon included, have small state-funded rent assistance programs that target specific populations, such as seniors or the chronically homeless. "''</blockquote> <blockquote>''"Massachusetts is an example of a state with a broader rent assistance program, one aimed at low-income people. Through a combination of tenant- and project-based vouchers, the Massachusetts Rental Voucher Program serves over 5,000 low-income households. The program is administered by Public Housing Agencies but overseen by the state housing agency."''</blockquote>
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The proposal was commented on by Margot Black, founder and now co-chair of Portland Tenants Union www.pdxtu.org, in a September 29 Twitter conversation:
 
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<br/> <br/> The idea was supported by Multnomah County Commissioner for District 2 (N and NE Portland), Susheela Jayapal in a Nov 3, 2019 editorial in&nbsp;''The Oregonian,&nbsp;''"Opinion: It’s time for a statewide rental voucher program." The Oregonian. Nov 03, 2019.&nbsp; [see Jayapal 2019].&nbsp;
<blockquote>''"It’s time for a statewide rental voucher program.''</blockquote> <blockquote>''"For decades, the federal government played a crucial role in preventing homelessness. Federal rent vouchers helped make housing affordable by subsidizing rents for people who would otherwise not have been able to afford it. This approach worked. Studies show federal rent vouchers help seniors, families with children and people with disabilities stay housed.Unfortunately, over the past few decades, the federal government has shirked this responsibility. The wait list for federal vouchers in Multnomah County is thousands of people long. In addition, the wait to get into public housing is at least two years and can be more than 10 years."''</blockquote> <blockquote>''"National studies continue to show that long-term rent vouchers are the quickest, most effective way to keep people housed and out of that downward spiral."''</blockquote> <blockquote>''"And a voucher program is something we can act on right now, while we also pursue other important strategies that might take several years to bear fruit — like building more affordable apartments."''</blockquote>
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"Proposal To Foster Economic Growth Submitted to the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs."<br/> April 14, 2017.&nbsp;[http://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Policy-Recommendations_Senate-Banking_041417.pdf http://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Policy-Recommendations_Senate-Banking_041417.pdf].<br/> &nbsp;
 
the voucher/credit sections of this are as follows:&nbsp;
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*Dolbeare, Cushing N. (2001). "[https://www.huduser.gov/Periodicals/CITYSCPE/VOL5NUM2/dolbeare.pdf Housing Affordability: Challenge and Context]."&nbsp;''Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research''. Volume 5, Number 2, 2001.&nbsp; (published by U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development • Office of Policy Development and Research).&nbsp;<br/> [https://www.huduser.gov/Periodicals/CITYSCPE/VOL5NUM2/dolbeare.pdf https://www.huduser.gov/Periodicals/CITYSCPE/VOL5NUM2/dolbeare.pdf].<br/> ''[cited by [Dreier 2016] as earliest proposal of an "EITC Housing Supplement"].''<br/> &nbsp;
*Dreier, Peter (2016). "[https://democracyjournal.org/arguments/housing-and-the-working-poor/ Housing and the Working Poor: Sky-high rents, not enough affordable homes—that’s our housing crisis in a nutshell. Here’s one idea to help the millions who can barely afford to keep a roof over their head]."&nbsp;''Democracy Journal,&nbsp;''29 March 2016.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> [https://democracyjournal.org/arguments/housing-and-the-working-poor/. https://democracyjournal.org/arguments/housing-and-the-working-poor/.&nbsp;]<br/> &nbsp;
*Hauser, Daniel, and Juan Carlos Ordóñez. "A State Rent Assistance Program Would Strengthen Oregon Communities." article and report, September 23, 2019. [https://www.ocpp.org/2019/09/23/state-rent-assistance-program/ https://www.ocpp.org/2019/09/23/state-rent-assistance-program/].<br/> &nbsp;
*Hertz, Daniel. [http://cityobservatory.org/make-housing-vouchers-an-entitlement-we-can-afford-it/ "Make housing vouchers an entitlement—we can afford it."] City Observatory, 2016-01-05.&nbsp;[http://cityobservatory.org/make-housing-vouchers-an-entitlement-we-can-afford-it/ http://cityobservatory.org/make-housing-vouchers-an-entitlement-we-can-afford-it/]<br/> &nbsp;
*Hertz, Daniel. [http://cityobservatory.org/low-income-housing-tax/ "Why not make housing assistance to the low-income as easy as assistance to the high-income?"] City Observatory, 2016-01-21. &nbsp;[http://cityobservatory.org/low-income-housing-tax/. http://cityobservatory.org/low-income-housing-tax/.&nbsp;]<br/> &nbsp;
*Galante, Carol,&nbsp;Carolina K. Reid, and Nathaniel Decker. [http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/fair-tax-credit "The Fair Tax Credit: A Proposal For a Federal Assistance in Rental Credit to Support Low-Income Renters."] Terner Center for Housing Innovation,&nbsp;November 2016.&nbsp;[http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/fair-tax-credit. http://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/fair-tax-credit.&nbsp;]<br/> &nbsp;
*Jayapal, Susheela (2019). "Opinion: It’s time for a statewide rental voucher program." The Oregonian. Nov 03, 2019. &nbsp;[Jayapal is Multnomah County Commissioner for District 2, N and NE Portland].&nbsp;[https://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/2019/11/opinion-its-time-for-a-statewide-rental-voucher-program.html https://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/2019/11/opinion-its-time-for-a-statewide-rental-voucher-program.html].<br/> &nbsp;
*Lubell, Jeffrey (2014). "[http://www.abtassociates.com/AbtAssociates/files/ce/ce7c306c-3cce-4dda-96c8-6098abe8a5ac.pdf Housing More People More Effectively through a Dynamic Housing Policy."]&nbsp;Bipartisan Policy Center, 17 December 2014.&nbsp;<br/> [http://www.abtassociates.com/AbtAssociates/files/ce/ce7c306c-3cce-4dda-96c8-6098abe8a5ac.pdf http://www.abtassociates.com/AbtAssociates/files/ce/ce7c306c-3cce-4dda-96c8-6098abe8a5ac.pdf].<br/> &nbsp;
*National Low Income Housing Coalition. "[http://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Policy-Recommendations_Senate-Banking_041417.pdf Proposal To Foster Economic Growth Submitted to the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs]." April 14, 2017.&nbsp;<br/> [http://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Policy-Recommendations_Senate-Banking_041417.pdf http://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Policy-Recommendations_Senate-Banking_041417.pdf].<br/> &nbsp;
*Ontario Association of Food Banks [OAFB 2017].&nbsp;"Hunger Report 2017."&nbsp;<br/> [https://oafb.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hunger-Report-2017.pdf https://oafb.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hunger-Report-2017.pdf].<br/> &nbsp;
*Sard, Barbara, and Will Fischer. "[https://www.cbpp.org/research/housing/renters-tax-credit-would-promote-equity-and-advance-balanced-housing-policy Renters’ Tax Credit Would Promote Equity and Advance Balanced Housing Policy]." Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, 21 August 2013.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> [https://www.cbpp.org/research/housing/renters-tax-credit-would-promote-equity-and-advance-balanced-housing-policy. https://www.cbpp.org/research/housing/renters-tax-credit-would-promote-equity-and-advance-balanced-housing-policy.&nbsp;]<br/> &nbsp;
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