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[[File:Tech-Bus-AntiDisplacement-Protest 2016-02-09 Rebecca-Gourevitch.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Anti-displacement protest, San Francisco, Feb 2016]]
Residential '''displacement''' occurs when a household is forced to move from its residence or is prevented from moving into a neighborhood that was previously accessible to them due to conditions which:
#are beyond the household’s reasonable ability to control or prevent (e.g., rent increases);<br/>
#occur despite the household’s having met all previously-imposed conditions of occupancy; and<br/>
#make continued occupancy by that household impossible, hazardous or unaffordable.
Displacement manifests itself in many forms, from physical (i.e., evictions or service disruption) to economic (i.e., rent increases). Displacement can result from gentrification when neighborhoods become out of reach for people or can occur at earlier stages through disinvestment, increasing vacancies and facilitating demographic turnover.
''- from UC Berkeley Urban Displacement Project, adapted from Grier and Grier (1978) and Marcuse (1986).''
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<blockquote>''"Portlanders who are, like most of us here, focused on preventing displacement should be much more worried about renovation than about construction.'' ''"Site-specific displacement from construction of new homes is real. But site-specific displacement from renovation is just as real, likely more common (?) ... and unlike new construction it doesn't simultaneously increase the speed at which every other home in the metro area is able to get cheaper.'' ''"Renovations are the direct cause of a large share of no-cause evictions. When a renovation raises the price of a home, as it typically does (that's usually the landowner's motivation, after all) the main effect on the population is to replace one or more poorer households with a richer household.'' ''"Renovation is sometimes necessary; it's usually more efficient to repair a structure a few times than to rebuild on a site from scratch every 40 years. And of course I'm in favor of keeping all homes to a basic standard of health and comfort. But in general, when renovations are common, it's sign of our failure as a city. Every renovated old home inhabited by a well-off household represents a new home that could have been built but wasn't.<br/> Thoughts?"''</blockquote>
== References ==
*Angotti, Tom, and Sylvia Morse, Philip DePaolo, Peter Marcuse, Samuel Stein. Zoned Out! Race, Displacement, and City Planning in New York City. 2016. [https://www.amazon.com/Zoned-Race-Displacement-City-Planning/dp/0996004130 https://www.amazon.com/Zoned-Race-Displacement-City-Planning/dp/0996004130].
*Marcuse, Peter, and David Madden. ''In Defense of Housing: The Politics of Crisis.'' 2016. [https://www.amazon.com/Defense-Housing-Politics-Crisis/dp/1784783544 https://www.amazon.com/Defense-Housing-Politics-Crisis/dp/1784783544].
*Beitel, Karl. "[http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Mission_Anti-Displacement_Coalition Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition: Historical Essay.]" 2013. [http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Mission_Anti-Displacement_Coalition http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Mission_Anti-Displacement_Coalition].<br/> ''[Excerpts from pages 88-75 and pages 85-91 from Karl Beitel. "Local Protest, Global Movements: Capital, Community, and State In San Francisco" (Temple University Press, 2013)].''
*Beitel, Karl. ''Local Protest, Global Movements: Capital, Community, and State in San Francisco''. Temple University Press, 2013. Description and Ch.1: [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2258_reg.html [1]]. <br/>
*Causa Justa::Just Cause. "[https://cjjc.org/publication/development-without-displacement-resisting-gentrification-in-the-bay-area/ Development without Displacement: Resisting Gentrification in the Bay Area.]" 2014 report. [https://cjjc.org/publication/development-without-displacement-resisting-gentrification-in-the-bay-area/ https://cjjc.org/publication/development-without-displacement-resisting-gentrification-in-the-bay-area/].<br/>
*Greenberg, Michael. “[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2017/08/17/tenants-under-siege-inside-new-york-city-housing-crisis/ Tenants Under Siege: Inside New York City’s Housing Crisis.]” The New York Review of Books, 17 August 2017. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2017/08/17/tenants-under-siege-inside-new-york-city-housing-crisis/.<br/>
*Grier and Grier [1978]. “Urban Displacement: A Reconnaissance." U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). <br/>
*Marcuse, Peter. [http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1396&context=law_urbanlaw "Gentrification, Abandonment, and Displacement: Connections, Causes, and Policy Responses in New York City."] ''Urban Law Annual ; Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law'', Volume 28 (January 1985). [http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1396&context=law_urbanlaw http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1396&context=law_urbanlaw].<br/>
*Urban Displacement Project (University of California, Berkeley).<br/> Resources page: [http://www.urbandisplacement.org/resources. http://www.urbandisplacement.org/resources. ]<br/>
*Zuk, Miriam Zuk; Ariel H. Bierbaum, Karen Chapple, Karolina Gorska, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Paul Ong, and Trevor Thomas. [http://www.frbsf.org/community-development/publications/working-papers/2015/august/gentrification-displacement-role-of-public-investment/ "Gentrification, Displacement and the Role of Public Investment: A Literature Review"]. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (Working Paper), August 24, 2015. [http://www.frbsf.org/community-development/publications/working-papers/2015/august/gentrification-displacement-role-of-public-investment/. http://www.frbsf.org/community-development/publications/working-papers/2015/august/gentrification-displacement-role-of-public-investment/. ]<br/> ''[funded by the California Air Resources Board as part of the project “Developing a New Methodology for Analyzing Potential Displacement.”]''<br/>
== See also ==
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