Boston: Difference between revisions

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[http://ncaaa.org/ The Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists]. 
 
[http://roxburyculturaldistrict.org/ Roxbury Cultural District].  [http://roxburyculturaldistrict.org/.  http://roxburyculturaldistrict.org/. ]
 
[https://www.boston.gov/neighborhood/roxbury City of Boston - Roxbury resources page.] [https://www.boston.gov/neighborhood/roxbury https://www.boston.gov/neighborhood/roxbury].
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== Reading List ==
 
*Bass, Sam Warner.&nbsp;''Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, ''1870-1900 (1962).&nbsp;<br/> ''Classic study of land-use and housing-development dynamics around new transit in&nbsp;late 19th century Boston suburban areas Roxbury, Dorchester, and West Roxbury.&nbsp;''<br/> &nbsp;
*Dalzell, Robert F. ''Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made'' (1987).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Gamm, Gerald.&nbsp;''Urban Exodus: Why the Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed ''(2001).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Gans, Herbert, J.&nbsp;''The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans'' (Free Press, 1962).&nbsp;<br/> ''"Gans...initially made his reputation as a critic of urban renewal in the early 1960s. His first book, The Urban Villagers (1962), described Boston's diverse West End neighborhood, where he mainly studied its Italian-American working class community. The book is also well known for its critical analysis of the area's clearance as an alleged 'slum'&nbsp;and the West Enders' displacement from their neighborhood." - Wikipedia, "Herbert J Gans".<br/> &nbsp;''
*Hiestand, Emily, and Ande Zellman, editors. ''The Good City: Writers Explore 21st Century Boston''. (2004).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Howells, WiIliam Dean.
*Innes, Stephen . Creating the Commonwealth: The Economic Culture of Puritan New England (1995).<br/> &nbsp;
**[https://archive.org/stream/suburbansketches00howe_0 ''Suburban Sketches''] (1871).&nbsp; Esp "A Pedestrian Tour."&nbsp;<br/> Collection of sketches by a&nbsp;leading editor/author of the day, especially describing newer borderland and suburban areas of Boston.<br/> https://archive.org/stream/suburbansketches00howe_0.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
**see also&nbsp;''The Rise of Silas Lapham&nbsp;''in "Boston in Literature" section below.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
 
*Innes, Stephen. (1995). ''Creating the Commonwealth: The Economic Culture of Puritan New England (1995)''.<br/> &nbsp;
*Jacobs, Jane. ''The Death and Life of Great American Cities''.<br/> Includes&nbsp;substantial discussions of Boston.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Krieger, Alex, and David Cobb (eds). ''Mapping Boston'' (2011).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Lukas, J. Anthony.&nbsp;(1985). ''Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families''.<br/> ''Nonfiction book, published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1985, that examines race relations in Boston&nbsp;through the prism of desegregation busing.&nbsp;It received the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction,&nbsp;the National Book Award,&nbsp;and the National Book Critics Circle Award.The book traces the history of three families: the working-class African-American Twymons, the working-class Irish McGoffs and the middle-class Yankee Divers. It gives brief genealogical histories of each families, focusing on how the events they went through illuminated Boston history, before narrowing its focus to the racial tension of the 1960s and the 1970s. Through their stories, Common Ground focuses on racial and class conflicts in two Boston neighborhoods—the working-class Irish-American enclave of Charlestown, and the uneasily integrated South End." -Wikipedia.''<br/> &nbsp;
*Lukas. ''Common Ground'' (1985).<br/> &nbsp;
*Mollenkopf.&nbsp;''The Contested City''&nbsp;(Princeton University Press, 1983).&nbsp;<br/> ''&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"Over the last five decades American cities have been transformed as profoundly and tumultuously as they were during the industrial&nbsp;'revolution. In contrast to that earlier era, this contemporary transformation has been stimulated and guided by governmental intervention. John H. Mollenkopf analyzes the government programs and the supporting political coalitions that made this intervention possible. His book shows how the success of these programs, developed largely by urban liberal Democrats, led to new conflicts that ultimately undermined urban development policy.''<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; "Using Boston and San Francisco as case studies, the author shows how urban development programs influenced and were influenced by big-city politics. He denies that the current impasse in national politics and urban development stems from technical inadequacies in existing policies. Instead, he argues, it results from failure to reconcile the conflicting interests of dominant urban economic institutions and the urban populace--a failure that led not only to the collapse of the postwar urban development consensus but to the disarray of the Democratic party itself."&nbsp; -'from Amazon.com description.&nbsp;<br/> - [https://twitter.com/jostehlin/status/1006651413810831360 suggested by John Stehlin].&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Morgan et al. ''Community by Design: The Olmsted Firm and the Development of Brookline, Massachuusetts'' (2013).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
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*Tissot, Sylvie. ''Good Neighbors: Gentrifying Diversity in Boston's South End''. (Verso, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ildoBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover Google Books preview].&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br/> ''&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"Does gentrification destroy diversity? Or does it thrive on it? Boston’s South End, a legendary working-class neighborhood with the largest Victorian brick row house district in the United States and a celebrated reputation for diversity, has become in recent years a flashpoint for the problems of gentrification. It has born witness to the kind of rapid transformation leading to pitched battles over the class and race politics throughout the country and indeed the contemporary world.''<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"This subtle study of a storied urban neighborhood reveals the way that upper-middle-class newcomers have positioned themselves as champions of diversity, and how their mobilization around this key concept has reordered class divisions rather than abolished them."&nbsp;''&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;''<br/> '''&nbsp;'''
*Vale, Lawrence. ''From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors'' (2007).<br/> &nbsp;
*Whitehill,&nbsp;Walter Muir, and Lawrence W. Kennedy.&nbsp;''Boston: A Topographical History''.&nbsp;(1958, 1968, with 1975 afterword).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Whyte, William Foote. ''Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum'' (1943).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp;''&nbsp;&nbsp; "In the late 1930s, on a fellowship from Harvard University,&nbsp;Whyte lived in the North End of Boston, which was mostly inhabited by first- and second-generation immigrants from Italy. Whyte, who came from a well-to-do family, considered the neighborhood a slum, and wanted to learn more about its "lower class" society.[2] Whyte lived in that district for three and a half years, including 18 months he spent with an Italian family. Through this work, Whyte became a pioneer in participant observation (which he called 'participant observer research').<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; "Street Corner Society describes various groups and communities within the district. Compaesani – people originally from the same Italian town – are one example. The first part of the book contains detailed accounts of how local gangs were formed and organized. Whyte differentiated between 'corner boys'&nbsp;and 'college boys': The lives of the "corner boys" revolved around particular street corners and the nearby shops. Conversely, the 'college boys'&nbsp;were more interested in good education and moving up the social ladder.<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; "The second part of the book describes the relations of social structure, politics, and racketeering in that district. It is also a testament to the importance of WPA jobs at the time."&nbsp; ( Wikipedia, "Street Corner Society").&nbsp;&nbsp;''<br/> &nbsp;
*Wright, Gwendolyn. ''Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America'' (1981). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_dCTZKWWf2cC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books preview].&nbsp;<br/> ''&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Not about Boston per se, but has a fascinating first chapter "The Puritan Way of Life" discussing the distinct social/religious conceptions behind&nbsp;Puritan building and town form in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and how this may have widely influenced subsequent American building and planning.&nbsp;''
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*Atwood, Margaret.&nbsp;''The Handmaid's Tale.&nbsp;<br/> dystopian novel set in a future, fundamentalist theocratic state headquartered at former site of Harvard University, Cambridge.&nbsp;''<br/> &nbsp;
*Bellamy, Edward.&nbsp;''Looking Backward: 2000–1887&nbsp;''(1888).&nbsp;<br/> "A''&nbsp;utopian science fiction novel set in Boston of 1887 and 2000. It was the third-largest bestseller of its time, after Uncle Tom's Cabin and Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. It influenced a large number of intellectuals, and appears by title in many socialist writings of the day.&nbsp;<br/> Bellamy's novel tells the story of a hero figure named Julian West, a young American, who towards the end of the 19th century in Boston, falls into a deep, hypnosis-induced sleep and wakes up 113 years later. He finds himself in the same location, but in a totally changed world: It is the year 2000, and while he was sleeping, the United States has been transformed into a&nbsp;socialist utopia. The remainder of the book outlines Bellamy's thoughts about improving the future. The major themes include problems associated with capitalism, a proposed socialist solution of a nationalization of all industry, and the use of an "industrial army" to organize production and distribution, as well as how to ensure free cultural production under such conditions."&nbsp;''<br/> &nbsp;
*Hawthorne, Nathaniel.&nbsp;''The Scarlet Letter&nbsp;''(1849).&nbsp;<br/> Probably most famous and influential literary work set in or connected to Boston.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Hawthorne, Nathaniel.&nbsp;''The House of the Seven Gables&nbsp;''(1851).&nbsp;<br/> ''Set in Hawthorne's home town of Salem, Massachusetts, on the "North Shore" of Boston.&nbsp;''<br/> &nbsp;
*Hawthorne, Nathaniel.&nbsp;''The Blithedale Romance'' (1852).<br/> ''novel based on Hawthorne's experiences as a founding resident of&nbsp;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_Farm Brook Farm], a utopian communal community located in West Roxbury, Massachusetts (9 miles outside of downtown Boston) in 1841.&nbsp;''<br/> &nbsp;
*Higgins, George V. ''The Friends of Eddie Coyle'' (1970).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp;"George V. Higgins (November 13, 1939 – November 6, 1999)[1][2] was an American author, lawyer, newspaper columnist, raconteur and college professor. He authored 29 books, including Bomber's Law, Trust and Kennedy for the Defense and is best known for his bestselling crime novels, including The Friends of Eddie Coyle, which established the Boston noir genre of gangster tales.." --Wikipedia, "George V. Higgins."&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp;"''The Friends of Eddie Coyle, published in 1970, was the debut novel of George V. Higgins, then an Assistant United States Attorney in Boston. The novel is a realistic depiction of the Irish-American underworld in Boston. Its central character is the title character Eddie Coyle, a small-time criminal and informant.<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp; "''The Friends of Eddie Coyle was adapted into a 1973 film, directed by Peter Yates and starring Robert Mitchum."<br/> &nbsp; &nbsp; "Elmore Leonard said that The Friends of Eddie Coyle was the best crime novel ever written, though Higgins hated being classified as a "crime writer". According to Leonard, "He saw himself as the Charles Dickens of crime in Boston instead of a crime writer. He just understood the human condition and he understood it most vividly in the language and actions among low lives." - Wikipedia, "The Friends of Eddie Coyle".&nbsp;'<br/> '''&nbsp;'''
*Howells, William Dean.&nbsp;''The Rise of Silas Lapham&nbsp;''(1885).<br/> Classic novel despicting class aspiration and conflict in late-19th Century Boston, including dynamics of who was choosing or being forced to move/live where. Title character, a socially-aspiring,&nbsp;''nouveau riche''&nbsp;industrial magnate, is during the novel living with family in fast-declining South End, while building a sumptuous new home in Back Bay.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Howells, William Dean. ''The Rise of Silas Lapham''.<br/> &nbsp;
*James, Henry.&nbsp;''The Bostonians.&nbsp;''<br/> &nbsp;
*Lehane, Dennis.&nbsp;''Mystic River'' (2001);&nbsp; ''The Given Day''&nbsp;''(2008).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Lowell, Robert. ''Life Studies'' (1959); ''For the Union Dead'' (1964); ''Poems: A Selection ''(ed. by Jonathan Raban, 1974).<br/> &nbsp;
*O'Connor, Edwin. ''The Last Hurrah'' (1956).<br/> Fictionalized account of preeminent Boston machine politician of 1/2 half of 20th Century.&nbsp;Mayor James Curley<br/> &nbsp;
*Senna, Danzy.&nbsp;''Caucasia&nbsp;''(1988).&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> Novel (with some autobiographical aspects) about growing up with mixed-race parents in Boston area.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Thoreau. ''Walden'' (1854).&nbsp; based on his experiences living in 1844-45 at Walden Pond, near Concord, about 18 miles from Boston.&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*Wallace, David Foster.&nbsp;''Infinite Jest&nbsp;''(1996).&nbsp;<br/> &nbsp;
*West, Dorothy.&nbsp;''The Living is Easy&nbsp;''(1948).&nbsp;<br/> ''Novel by a Boston-raised, Harlem Renaissance-active writer, set in 1920s Boston.&nbsp;Depicts complex situation of the "color line" in Boston, and&nbsp; interactions between Yankee Bostonians, bourgeoise African-Americans such as the main character, and African-American newcomers from the South. A central plot line concerns the main character's renting of and moving extended family into a house which, like West's childhood home, was on the boundary between Roxbury (Boston) and the suburban city of Brookline.&nbsp;''
*West, Dorothy.&nbsp;''The Living is Easy&nbsp;''(1948).&nbsp;
 
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